Journal: Blood

Article Title: An unbiased lncRNA dropout CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals RP11-350G8.5 as a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma ∗

doi: 10.1182/blood.2023021991

Figure Lengend Snippet: lncRNA dropout CRISPR-Cas9 screen in MM cell lines. (A) Schematic representation of the CRISPR screening pipeline. (B) Spearman's correlation between pgRNA read count profiles (from DNA collected 30 days after transduction and selection of the library) across screen replicates = 0.85 and 0.88, respectively, for AMO-1 and ABZB, with color bars on top/left indicating cluster membership obtained via hierarchical clustering (complete distance method). (C) Representation of pgRNA abundance log fold changes (logFCs) in DNA collected 30 days after library transduction and selection vs plasmidic amounts for 3 groups of pgRNAs: nontargeting (negative controls [median logFC = 0.27 and 0.35, respectively, for AMO-1 and ABZB]), targeting ribosomal protein genes (control essential genes, median logFC = −0.68 and −0.43, with a logFC ≤−0.5, corresponding to a MAGeCK FDR ≤20%), and lncRNAs, across the 2 screens. Each point represents 1 of the 12 472 pgRNAs in the library with coordinates on the y-axis indicating the median logFC across screen replicates. (D) Gene-wise MAGeCK robust rank aggregation (RRA) scores for significant dependencies identified in the 2 screens at an FDR ≤20%. Top essential control genes, dependencies that are private to each cell line and shared across them (as per the color scheme) are highligted. (E) Number of significantly essential lncRNAs (at an FDR ≤20%) in the 2 screened cell lines and their overlap. MOI, multiplicity of infection.

Article Snippet: The human paired-guide RNA (pgRNA) library pool ( ) (Addgene number 89640) was used to perform the CRISPR-Cas9 screens (supplemental Materials and methods; , and ).

Techniques: CRISPR, Transduction, Selection, Control, Infection

Journal: Blood

Article Title: An unbiased lncRNA dropout CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals RP11-350G8.5 as a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma ∗

doi: 10.1182/blood.2023021991

Figure Lengend Snippet: Functional validation of prioritized oncogenic lncRNA candidates. (A) RP11-350G8.5 and LINC00467 basal expression levels via quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) in MM cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors (values are normalized to the expression of GAPDH). (B) Representative image of genomic PCR products before and after KO of LINC00467 and RP11-350G8.5 in AMO-1 cells, visualized on 1.5% agarose gels. On the right: Sanger sequence of the amplicons encompassing the CRISPR-targeted region. Blue rectangles highlight pgRNA binding sites, whereas colored lines refer to the schematic picture of the KO reported above the gel picture (on the left). (C) Representative image of flow cytometric monitoring of AMO-1 and ABZB cells transduced with a SCRAMBLE-GFP-CRISPR vector (dark gray) or LINC00467/KO-GFP-CRISPR vector (light blue) or RP11-350G8.5/KO- GFP-CRISPR vector (red). Light-gray curves represent the percentage of viable cells at day 0 (48 hours after lentiviral transduction) with overlapping colored curves at day 20. (D) Representative images of colony assay of AMO-1 and ABZB GFP-sorted cells, 15 days after plating, were generated using EVOS XL-Core microscope (Invitrogen by Thermo Fisher) (magnification ×10). (E) Number of colonies in 3 independent wells. (F) Dose-response curves 24 hours after treatment with bortezomib (1-10 nM). Percentage of viable cells ± standard deviation are normalized with respect to DMSO-treated cells (vehicle) for each experimental condition. Statistical differences were assessed across all plots via Student t test; ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01, and ∗∗∗ P < .001.

Article Snippet: The human paired-guide RNA (pgRNA) library pool ( ) (Addgene number 89640) was used to perform the CRISPR-Cas9 screens (supplemental Materials and methods; , and ).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Sequencing, CRISPR, Binding Assay, Transduction, Plasmid Preparation, Colony Assay, Generated, Microscopy, Standard Deviation

Journal: Blood

Article Title: An unbiased lncRNA dropout CRISPR-Cas9 screen reveals RP11-350G8.5 as a novel therapeutic target for multiple myeloma ∗

doi: 10.1182/blood.2023021991

Figure Lengend Snippet: RP11-350G8.5 putative oncogenic role: in vitro validation and preliminary data from in vivo models. (A) Flow cytometric monitoring of GFP expression in ABZB cells transduced with a SCRAMBLE-GFP-CRISPR negative control vector, an RPL8 /KO-GFP-CRISPR positive control vector (selected from Project Score [37]), and 2 GFP-CRISPR constructs encoding for 2 pgRNAs targeting RP11-350G8.5. Gray curves represent the percentage of viable cells at day 0 (48 hours after lentiviral transduction), while colored curves represent the percentage of viable cells at day 20. Bars on the right represent the fold change in percentage of GFP-expressing cells 20 days after target depletion against day 0. (B) Evaluation of IL-6R RNA expression level through quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) on ABZB after transduction with SCRAMBLE vector or KO of RP11-350G8.5 with pgRNA#1 or pgRNA#2 or with a vector overexpressing RP11-350G8.5 (UP). (Data are normalized to the expression of GAPDH.) Statistics were obtained using multiple t -tests, resulting in no significant (ns) differences, as per the reported P values. (C) Flow cytometric monitoring of GFP in JJN.3 and NCI-H929 MM transduced cells, and percentage of GFP-positive cells is reported by overlapping curves referred to day 20 (colored curves) against day 0 (light gray curves). (D) Validation of RP11-350G8.5 KO in nontumoral cells, performed as described for A and C. (E) Representative images of RNA-FISH analysis. Nuclei are counterstained with DAPI (blue signal), whereas C3-fluorescein–conjugated GAPDH (green signal) has been used as cytoplasmic marker. Customly designed Stellaris probes targeting RP11-350G8.5 have been conjugated with 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) dye (red signal). Representative pictures acquired with a DMI6000-AF6000 Leica (Wetzlar, Germany) fluorescence microscope at magnification ×63 are reported, followed by specific regions of interest (ROIs), which are represented as enlarged images. (F) Dose-response curves 24 hours after treatment with bortezomib in AMO-1 cells overexpressing RP11-350G8.5 (1-10 nM). Statistics were analyzed using multiple t -tests (cutoff ∗ P < .05, ∗∗ P < .01). (G) In vivo imaging of engrafted ABZB cells. A total of 5 × 10 6 ABZB cells, which previously underwent highly efficient transduction (multiplicity of infection = 1) of RP11-350G8.5 KO-GFP or the SCRAMBLE vectors, were subcutaneously inoculated in mice (n = 2 per group). Images of tumors were acquired when the tumoral masses became palpable (identified as DAY 1), and at the end of the experiment (DAY 16, when tumors reached 2 cm in diameter). Both DAY 1 and DAY 16 were set up by considering SCRAMBLE mice, because SCRAMBLE cells have been faster to generate tumoral masses, due to their higher proliferative rate, and to grow up to 2 cm in diameter, with respect to KO cells. Tumors appear as yellow high-density signals on the right flank of the mice. Pictures were obtained with the IVIS (Perkin Elmer) system. (H) Tumor growth as mean measurement ± standard deviation (SD) across mice groups (n = 2). (I) Photographs of excised tumors were captured by a digital camera. (J) Weights of excised tumors, reported as mean ± SD across mice groups. Statistics were analyzed using multiple t -tests (cutoff: ∗ P < .05).

Article Snippet: The human paired-guide RNA (pgRNA) library pool ( ) (Addgene number 89640) was used to perform the CRISPR-Cas9 screens (supplemental Materials and methods; , and ).

Techniques: In Vitro, Biomarker Discovery, In Vivo, Expressing, Transduction, CRISPR, Negative Control, Plasmid Preparation, Positive Control, Construct, RNA Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Marker, Fluorescence, Microscopy, In Vivo Imaging, Infection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Cell Cycle

Article Title: METTL3 affects FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia by mediating autophagy by regulating PSMA3-AS1 stability

doi: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2204770

Figure Lengend Snippet: PSMA3-AS1 was up-regulated in FLT3-ITD+ AML. (a) The heat map and volcano map showed the top 10 most increased and 10 decreased lncRnas in AML patients as compared to that in the control samples analyzed by lncRnas Arraystar Chip from GSE103828. (b) Relative expression of PSMA3-AS1 was measured in AML of TCGA database. (c) Relative expression of PSMA3-AS1 was detected in AML patients by Qrt-PCR. (D) Qrt-PCR was performed to determine expression of PSMA3-AS1 in FLT3-ITD+ or FLT3-ITD- cells. * P < .05.

Article Snippet: PSMA3-AS1 was up-regulated in FLT3-ITD+ AML. (a) The heat map and volcano map showed the top 10 most increased and 10 decreased lncRnas in AML patients as compared to that in the control samples analyzed by lncRnas Arraystar Chip from GSE103828. (b) Relative expression of PSMA3-AS1 was measured in AML of TCGA database. (c) Relative expression of PSMA3-AS1 was detected in AML patients by Qrt-PCR. (D) Qrt-PCR was performed to determine expression of PSMA3-AS1 in FLT3-ITD+ or FLT3-ITD- cells.

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Novel classes of non-coding RNAs and cancer

doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Types of recently discovered human non-coding RNAs

Article Snippet: , Pseudogene RNAs , , gene copies that have lost the ability to code for a protein; potential to regulate their protein-coding cousin; made through retrotrans-position; tissue specific , often deregulated during tumorigenesis and cancer progression / regulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes by acting as microRNA decoys.

Techniques: Control, Sequencing, Modification, Expressing, Synthesized, Activity Assay, Inhibition, Gene Expression

Journal: Journal of Translational Medicine

Article Title: Novel classes of non-coding RNAs and cancer

doi: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-103

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of lncRNAs functioning. LncRNA transcribed from an upstream non-coding promoter can negatively (1) or positively (2) affect expression of the downstream gene by inhibiting RNA polymerase II recruitment and/or inducing chromatin remodeling, respectively. LncRNA is able to hybridize to the pre-mRNA and block recognition of the splice sites by the spliceosome, thus resulting in an alternatively spliced transcript (3) . Alternatively, hybridization of the sense and antisense transcripts can allow Dicer to generate endogenous siRNAs (4) . The binding of lncRNA to the miRNA results in the miRNA function silencing (5) . The complex of lncRNA and specific protein partners can modulate the activity of the protein (6) , is involved in structural and organization roles of the cell (7) , alters the protein localizes in the cell (8) , and affects epigenetic processes (9) . Finally, long ncRNAs can be processed to the small RNAs (10) .

Article Snippet: , Pseudogene RNAs , , gene copies that have lost the ability to code for a protein; potential to regulate their protein-coding cousin; made through retrotrans-position; tissue specific , often deregulated during tumorigenesis and cancer progression / regulation of tumor suppressors and oncogenes by acting as microRNA decoys.

Techniques: Expressing, Blocking Assay, Hybridization, Binding Assay, Activity Assay

Journal: Data in Brief

Article Title: Saturated fatty acid regulated lncRNA dataset during in vitro human embryonic neurogenesis

doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2018.10.101

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profile of lncRNAs from different stages of in vitro embryonic neuorgenesis. The expression of 372 functionally known lncRNAs was analyzed by RT-qPCR using ‘nrStar™ Human Functional LncRNA PCR Array’ on H9 cells at days 0, 12, 44 and 70 of neural differentiation. The delta CT values for individual lncRNAs are shown after normalization to 18S rRNA. The bright red color indicates highest expression whereas bright blue shows lowest expression.

Article Snippet: The expression analysis of lncRNAs was performed by RT-qPCR on vehicle control and palmitate treated cells from 4 stages of differentiation, D0 (undifferentiated hESCs), D12 (neural stem cells), D44 (neural progenitors) and D70 (neurons) using lncRNAs array plates from Arraystar Inc. which contains 372 functionally identified lncRNAs found to be associated with lipid metabolism and other pathways (Cat# AS-NR-004).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vitro, Quantitative RT-PCR, Functional Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression and DNA methylation landscapes of Ogye lncRNAs. ( a ) Yeonsan Ogye. ( b ) A schematic flow for the analyses of coding and non-coding transcriptomes and DNA methylation from 20 different tissues. ( c ) Distributions of the maximum versus mean expression values of lncRNA (red line) and protein-coding genes (black line) across tissues (top), and distributions of the minimum versus mean methylation levels of each cytosine in the promoter of lncRNAs (red line) and protein-coding genes (black line) (bottom). The vertical dotted lines indicate the median value of the respective distribution (black for protein-coding genes and red for lncRNAs). The gray boxes indicate tissue-specific expression and methylation ( d ) Numbers of commonly or uniquely expressed lncRNAs across tissues are shown in the phylogenetic tree of tissues. The numbers at the leaf nodes indicate lncRNAs expressed in the indicated tissue (FPKM ≥ 1) and numbers at the internal nodes indicate those commonly expressed in the indicated tissues. Of the expressed genes in a certain tissue, the fraction of tissue-specific genes (red for lncRNA and black for protein-coding genes) and fraction of genes with a differentially methylated region (DMR) in the promoters are indicated as bar graphs. Of the genes with a DMR, tissue-specific genes (dark) and others (light) were distinguished and the enrichment of tissue-specific genes was tested using Fisher’s exact test (* p ≤ 1 × 10 −5 , ** p ≤ 1 × 10 −10 , *** p ≤ 1 × 10 −20 ). The scale bar represents 10.0, which is the unit of 120 differentially expressed genes across tissues.

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Expressing, DNA Methylation Assay, Methylation

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-expression clusters of lncRNAs across 20 tissues based on Pearson’s correlation coefficient metrics using ‘rsgcc’ package in R and functional annotations (see the “Clustering of co-expressed lncRNAs” section in the Methods for more details). Co-expression clustering of lncRNAs across 20 tissues defines 16 clusters and two sub-clusters specific to a tissue or a set of similar tissues. The boxes outlined in a color indicate those with significant gene ontology (GO) biological processes (orange bars) or Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway terms (cyan bars) associated with protein-coding genes co-expressed with lncRNAs in the respective cluster. The significant enrichment of terms was tested using the hypergeometric test and adjusted by the FDR, indicated using a logarithmic scale on the X -axis in the box. Clusters outlined in black are those with neither a significant association with a GO term nor any co-expressed protein-coding genes. Sub-clusters in the clusters are indicated where appropriate. The number in each cluster indicates the number of lncRNAs in the cluster and the number in the boxes with functional terms indicates the number of co-expressed protein-coding genes.

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Expressing, Functional Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Models of lncRNA and protein-coding gene co-regulation and lncRNAs as epigenetic activators. ( a ) LncRNAs as epigenetic activators that suppress the methylation level in the promoter of protein-coding genes. ( b ) Transcriptional co-regulation of lncRNA and protein-coding genes by common TFs. ( c ) Epigenetic co-regulation of neighboring lncRNA and protein-coding genes. ( d ) eRNAs that activate the expression of neighboring protein-coding genes. ( e ) Proportions of lncRNAs with expression levels correlated with the methylation level in the promoter of co-expressed protein-coding genes (dark green) in each cluster are shown in bar graphs. The numbers were compared to the mean methylation level of randomly selected protein-coding genes. To test the significance of the enrichment of lncRNAs as epigenetic activator candidates, 1000 number-matched random cohorts were compared to the original numbers (* p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001). ( f ) LncRNAs as epigenetic activators whose expression levels are negatively correlated with the methylation level in the promoters of protein-coding genes, which in turn are negatively correlated with the level of protein-coding gene expression, as shown in the heatmaps. The key indicates the z-score range of the expression values. White indicates N.A.

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Methylation, Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-transcriptional regulation of lncRNA and protein-coding genes by common TFs. ( a ) TFs (Sp1, Ap-2, Oct1, HSF2, and HB) with binding motifs significantly co-enriched in the promoters of lncRNAs in a tissue-specific cluster and their co-expressed protein-coding genes are shown in the heatmap. The TFs are expressed in the indicated tissues. The significance of motif enrichment was tested using MEME and E values are presented with color codes (blue: more significant, yellow: less significant) in the key. PCG indicates protein-coding gene. ( b ) HSF2 binding motif. A known motif is shown in the top panel, motif in lncRNA promoters is shown in the middle panel, and motif in protein-coding gene promoters is shown in the bottom panel. ( c ) The expression correlation between co-regulated genes (red boxes for lncRNAs and green boxes for protein-coding genes) and HSF2 across tissues. Red lines indicate the significance level of the correlation coefficient ( p ≤ 0.05). ( d ) Expression pattern of HSF2 and its target genes showing the top 5 correlations with HSF2 .

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Co-regulation of neighboring lncRNA and protein-coding genes. ( a ) Numbers of lncRNAs, classified by distance from the closest protein-coding gene (red for the ≤10 kb group, orange for the ≤100 kb group, and green for the >100 kb or on another chromosome group) (left). *, **, and *** indicate p ≤ 0.05, ≤0.01, and ≤0.001, respectively. ( b ) The average correlation coefficients of tissue-specific lncRNA and protein-coding gene pairs in close neighborhoods (≤10 kb) are shown based on their relative orientations (head-to-tail, tail-to-tail, and head-to-head) (red bars). The average correlation coefficients of random pairs are also shown (blue bars) and those of tissue-specific protein-coding gene pairs in close neighborhoods (≤10 kb) are shown with green bars. *, **, and *** indicate p ≤ 0.05, ≤0.01, and ≤0.001, respectively. Error bars indicate the standard error. The number in the bars indicates the number of analyzed pairs. ( c ) The average correlation coefficients of neighboring lncRNA and protein-coding genes with similar methylation levels in their promoters (methylation-related) are shown in bar graphs. Otherwise, as in ( b ). The bar colors correspond to ( b ). ( d ) The average correlation coefficients of tissue-specific lncRNA and protein-coding genes (methylation-unrelated), except for those of ( c ). Otherwise, as in ( b ). Bar colors correspond to ( b ). ( e ) Proportion of eRNAs (red) in the methylation-related group ( c ) and methylation-unrelated group ( d ). ** indicates p ≤ 0.01. ( f ) Average correlation coefficients of tissue-specific eRNAs. Otherwise, as in ( b ). Bar colors correspond to ( b ). ( g ) Average correlation coefficients of tissue-specific lncRNAs not associated with enhancers. Otherwise, as in ( b ). Bar colors correspond to ( b ). ( h ) TF binding motifs significantly associated with the eRNAs. The total count of the indicated TF binding sites in eRNAs is indicated in the heatmap (left) and the significance of the association over the total background is indicated with color-coded p values across tissues. The significance of a specific TF binding motif was tested using a binomial test in each tissue.

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Methylation, Binding Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Black tissue-specific lncRNAs with sequence and synteny conservation. ( a ) Expression patterns of differentially expressed lncRNAs in Ogye skin compared to Brown leghorn skin samples. Expression levels are indicated with a color-coded Z-score (red for low and blue for high expression) as shown in the key. ( b ) Cartoon showing a lncRNA that is syntenically conserved with upstream and downstream protein-coding genes in the human and/or mouse genome. ( c ) The fraction of lncRNAs with syntenic conservation in the human (blue), mouse (green) or both (red) genomes is shown in the pie chart. Of the syntenically conserved lncRNAs, the fraction of lncRNAs with sequence conservation (purple) in the human or mouse genome is indicated in the secondary pie charts. ( d ) The fraction of protein-coding genes with synteny conservation is indicated in the pie chart. Otherwise, as in ( c ). ( e ) The numbers of differentially expressed lncRNAs in black skin with evidence of sequence and synteny conservation are indicated in a Venn diagram. Functional evidence for differential expression (DE) + synteny + sequence (red), DE + synteny conservation (purple), or DE + sequence conservation (blue) are indicated in the Venn diagram. ( f ) Sixteen blackskin-specific lncRNAs are shown in a heatmap with functional evidence (colors correspond to ( e )) A total of 104 non-specific lncRNAs with evidence of sequence + synteny conservation are indicated in gray. The co-regulation models associated with a certain lncRNA are indicated to the left with color codes (orange for HSF2 binding and green for eRNAs). * indicates the eRNA associated with HSF2. The expression level is indicated with a color-coded z-score, as shown in the key.

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Sequencing, Expressing, Functional Assay, Quantitative Proteomics, Binding Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Non-Coding Transcriptome Maps across Twenty Tissues of the Korean Black Chicken, Yeonsan Ogye

doi: 10.3390/ijms19082359

Figure Lengend Snippet: Example of black skin-specific lncRNAs with synteny conservation, which is transcriptionally regulated by HSF2. ( a ) Ogye lncRNA ( lnc-TMEM184C ) with synteny conservation in human and mouse genomes (top). The lncRNA has an HSF2 binding motif in its promoter; this motif is also present in the promoters of protein-coding genes with correlated expression (below). Gray bar plots indicate the expression correlation between the lncRNA and protein-coding genes. ( b ) Lnc-TMEM184C expression pattern across 20 tissues. ( c ) GO terms significantly associated with the protein-coding genes co-expressed with lnc-TMEM184C .

Article Snippet: To date, 9681 lncRNAs have been annotated in the red jungle fowl Gallus gallus genome according to the NONCODE database [ ], but these studies were limited to a few tissues.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Expressing

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology

Article Title: Roles of HOTAIR Long Non-coding RNA in Gliomas and Other CNS Disorders

doi: 10.1007/s10571-024-01455-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarization of studies implicating HOTAIR in the pathophysiology of non-oncological neuropathologies

Article Snippet: LncRNAs have been implicated as intricate and dynamic regulators of multiple aspects of CNS pathophysiology (Cuevas-Diaz Duran et al. ), including tumorigenesis (DeSouza et al. ; Kim et al. ).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Microarray, Expressing, Activity Assay, In Vitro, Conjugation Assay, Over Expression, Activation Assay, In Vivo, Knockdown, Migration, Membrane, Comparison, Control, Clinical Proteomics