Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: A rare dermatological manifestation of follicular spicules in a patient with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A case report

doi: 10.3892/etm.2025.12930

Figure Lengend Snippet: SPE and immunofixation confirming monoclonal gammopathy. (A) SPE demonstrating an M-spike in the γ region. (B) Immunofixation electrophoresis revealing a monoclonal IgA λ pattern, confirming the presence of IgA-λ type multiple myeloma. (C) Immunofixation electrophoresis further confirming the monoclonal IgA λ pattern. AU, arbitrary units; SPE, serum protein electrophoresis. ELP, electrophoresis reference; G, IgG; A, IgA; M, IgM; K, κ light chain; L, λ light chain; D, IgD; E, IgE.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4 ̊C, including: CD138 (cat. no. ab34164; dilution 1:100; Abcam), CD56 (cat. no. ab75813; dilution 1:200; Abcam), κ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0317; dilution 1:150; OriGene Technologies, Inc.) and λ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0318; dilution 1:150; Origene Technologies, Inc.).

Techniques: Electrophoresis, Protein Electrophoresis

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: A rare dermatological manifestation of follicular spicules in a patient with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A case report

doi: 10.3892/etm.2025.12930

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical characterization of bone marrow biopsy. (A) Congo red staining showed amyloid deposits with birefringence under polarized light, confirming amyloidosis. (B) Scattered CD3 + T cells. (C) CD20 + B cells. (D) Diffuse CD56 positivity indicating natural killer cell involvement. (E) Diffuse CD138 staining marking plasma cell infiltration. (F) Negative κ light chain staining. (G) Diffuse positive staining of λ light chains, confirming monoclonality. (H) Multiple myeloma oncogene 1-positivity indicated plasma cell differentiation. (I) Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed diffuse infiltration by atypical lymphoid/plasma cells. (J) Positive staining for amyloid deposits in bone marrow biopsy. All images were captured under a light microscope at x400 magnification.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4 ̊C, including: CD138 (cat. no. ab34164; dilution 1:100; Abcam), CD56 (cat. no. ab75813; dilution 1:200; Abcam), κ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0317; dilution 1:150; OriGene Technologies, Inc.) and λ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0318; dilution 1:150; Origene Technologies, Inc.).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Clinical Proteomics, Cell Differentiation, Light Microscopy

Journal: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Article Title: A rare dermatological manifestation of follicular spicules in a patient with multiple myeloma and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A case report

doi: 10.3892/etm.2025.12930

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of bone marrow cells from a patient with PCM. (A) Lymphocyte analysis showing a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. (B and C) Quantification of CD57⁺ LGLs, demonstrating a normal proportion of this subset. (D) Marked expansion of plasma cells detected within the bone marrow aspirate. (E) Dual-parameter plot of CD38 and CD45 expression revealing a distinct CD38 bright+ /CD45 dim+ population, accounting for 33.19% of total nucleated cells, consistent with malignant plasma cell infiltration. (F) Intracellular immunoglobulin light chain staining within the CD38 bright+ population indicating prominent λ light chain restriction (97.37%) with minimal κ expression (0.03%), confirming clonal proliferation and supporting the diagnosis of PCM. LGLs, large granular lymphocytes; NC, nucleated cell; PCM, plasma cell myeloma; A, allophycocyanin-Alexa Fluor 700; APC, allophycocyanin; CD38bri + , CD38 bright positive; DNT, double negative T cells; DPT, dual-parameter plot; ECD, energy-coupled dye; H, height parameter; KO525, Krome Orange 525; Lym, lymphocytes; NK, natural killer cells; PC5.5, phycoerythrin-cyanine 5.5; PE, phycoerythrin; SSC, side scatter.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies were incubated overnight at 4 ̊C, including: CD138 (cat. no. ab34164; dilution 1:100; Abcam), CD56 (cat. no. ab75813; dilution 1:200; Abcam), κ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0317; dilution 1:150; OriGene Technologies, Inc.) and λ light chain (cat. no. ZM-0318; dilution 1:150; Origene Technologies, Inc.).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Expressing, Staining, Biomarker Discovery

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Downregulation of PA28α induces proteasome remodeling and results in resistance to proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-020-00393-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Western blot analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in total protein lysates extracted from LP1 and RPMI8226 PA28α knockdown stable cells. β-actin as a loading control. b OPP pulse-chase assay of proteasome degradation and protein synthesis in LP1 PA28α knockdown stable cells. Western blot analysis of immunoglobulin lambda light chain (ƛ IgL) ( c ), eIF2α, p62/SQSTM1, and LC3B ( d ) in LP1 and RPMI8226 PA28α knockdown stable cells, β-actin as a loading control. ** P < 0.01, Student’s t test. e Working model of PA28α knockdown in MM.

Article Snippet: Antibodies used were as follows: PA28α (Cell Signaling), PSMA2 (Cell Signaling), S5a (Cell signaling), PA28β (Cell Signaling), Phospho-eIF2α (Ser51) (Cell signaling), eIF2α (Cell signaling), α-tubulin (Genetex), PA28γ (Genetex), PSMB5 (Genetex), PSMB6 (Enzo life science), PSMB7 (Genetex), PSMB8 (Genetex), PSMB9 (R&D systems), PSMB10 (R&D systems), Rpt5 (Enzo life science), Ubiquitin (Cell Signaling), β-actin (Santa Cruz Technology), TCF11/NRF1 (Cell Signaling), LC3B (Cell Signaling), p62/SQSTM1 (MBL International) human Ig lambda light chain (R&D systems), actin (Sigma). pLKO.1 empty vector, shRNA vector targeting human PA28α, NRF1 siRNA (ON-TARGETplus SMARTpool), PA28α siRNA (Accell SMARTpool), and control siRNA were purchased from Dharmacon.

Techniques: Western Blot, Knockdown, Control, Pulse Chase

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Urine and Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains as Analytes for Serodiagnosis of Hantavirus Infection

doi: 10.3390/v11090809

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot analysis of urine samples. Urine samples (30 µL/lane) separated in SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions were blotted onto nitrocellulose and sequentially immunoblotted with anti-lambda and anti-kappa light chain antibodies. Patients #1–#4 are included in . The panels on left show the results for anti-lambda light chain staining (probed first, detected using IR800-conjugated secondary antibody) and the panels on right show anti-kappa light chain staining (detected using AF680-conjugated secondary antibody). Molecular weight markers (Bio-Rad, precision plus protein dual color standards) are always the leftmost lane. FLC (free light chain) indicates monomeric and FLC 2 dimeric FLCs. All detections were performed using an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences).

Article Snippet: We coupled mouse monoclonal anti-kappa (clone 4C11) and anti-lambda (clone 3D12) free light chain antibodies (both from HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland) to Pierce NHS-activated Magnetic Beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland) following the manufacturer’s protocol with 400 μg of antibody per 500 μL of activated bead slurry.

Techniques: Western Blot, SDS Page, Staining, Molecular Weight, Imaging

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Urine and Free Immunoglobulin Light Chains as Analytes for Serodiagnosis of Hantavirus Infection

doi: 10.3390/v11090809

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunoprecipitation (IP) of PUUV N protein using FLCs and purification of free kappa light chains from urine: ( A ) Monoclonal antibodies against free kappa (clone 4C11) and lambda (3D12) light chains were conjugated to Pierce NHS-activated magnetic beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and used for IP of FLCs and PUUV N protein. The left lanes show anti-kappa IP and the right lanes anti-lambda IP results of AF647-labeled PUUV N protein. The samples are indicated above each lane (u stands for urine and p for plasma); the PUUV+ pools were represented by samples collected during hospitalization. The bound PUUV N protein was visualized using an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences) at IR700 channel after SDS-PAGE separation; M represents the molecular weight marker (Bio-Rad, precision plus protein dual color standards); ( B ) The experimental setup described in panel A was used for IP of AF647-labeled PUUV with FLCs from the urine and plasma of healthy volunteers and PUUV patients (three time points). The left panel shows the results of IP with anti-kappa coated beads and the right panel IP with anti-lambda coated beads. The samples are indicated above each lane (u stands for urine and p for plasma) ( C ) Eluates (20 μL/lane) from monoclonal (clone 4C11) free kappa light chain antibody coupled CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B columns after passing through urine from patients with acute PUUV infection (PUUV+, 2 mL) and healthy volunteers (PUUV−, 15 mL) were analyzed by western blotting using a polyclonal anti-kappa light chain antibody. Detection was performed used an Odyssey Infrared Imaging System (LI-COR Biosciences), M represents the molecular weight marker (Bio-Rad, precision plus protein dual color standards).

Article Snippet: We coupled mouse monoclonal anti-kappa (clone 4C11) and anti-lambda (clone 3D12) free light chain antibodies (both from HyTest Ltd., Turku, Finland) to Pierce NHS-activated Magnetic Beads (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vantaa, Finland) following the manufacturer’s protocol with 400 μg of antibody per 500 μL of activated bead slurry.

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Purification, Bioprocessing, Magnetic Beads, Labeling, Clinical Proteomics, Imaging, SDS Page, Molecular Weight, Marker, Infection, Western Blot