Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Glabridin Inhibits Melanogenesis and Melanin Transfer via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Rho Family GTPase-Mediated Dendritic Formation Suppression

doi: 10.3390/ph19030469

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of glabridin on anti-melanogenesis. Different concentrations of glabridin on MNT-1 cell viability ( a ) and on HaCaT cell viability ( b ), assessed by the MTT assay; Different concentrations of niacinamide on MNT-1 cell viability ( c ) and on HaCaT cell viability ( d ), assessed by the MTT assay; ( e ) Glabridin inhibit melanin content in MNT-1 cells. ( f ) Glabridin inhibit intracellular tyrosinase activity in MNT-1 cells. The images of protein bands ( g ) and the relative protein levels of MITF ( h ), TYR ( i ), TRP-1 ( j ) and TRP-2 ( k ). GAPDH served as the internal control. Kojic acid (KA, 200 μg/mL) was used as a positive control. Data are presented as mean ± SD ( n = 3) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control) (one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test).

Article Snippet: After 60 h incubation, In the anti-melanogenesis assay, different concentrations of glabridin and kojic acid were added; as for Wnt/β-catenin pathway, glabridin and SKL2001 (HY-101085, MCE) were supplemented.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Activity Assay, Control, Positive Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Inhibition of NAT10 Suppresses Melanogenesis and Melanoma Growth by Attenuating Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor (MITF) Expression

doi: 10.3390/ijms18091924

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of remodelin on melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. ( A ) Remodelin suppressed α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin synthesis. Cells were pre-incubated in the absence or presence of remodelin for 1 h, followed by their incubation with α-MSH (0.2 mM) for 3 days. α-MSH increased the extracellular and intracellular melanin content; however, remodelin treatment decreased these levels. Color changes in the cultured medium are shown. Values represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in triplicates; ** p < 0.01, # p < 0.05, and ## p < 0.01; ( B ) Inhibitory effect of remodelin on cellular tyrosinase activity. Tyrosinase activity was determined by measuring l -DOPA (2 mM) oxidation to dopachrome at 475 nm (OD475). Values represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; ( C ) Effect of remodelin on MITF, TYR, and DCT mRNA expression levels was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. Values represent mean ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates; * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01; ( D ) Effect of remodelin on MITF and tyrosinase protein levels. B16F10 cells were pre-incubated with arbutin, kojic acid, or remodelin for 1 h, followed by their treatment with α-MSH for 12 h. MITF and tyrosinase protein expression levels were measured by western blotting.

Article Snippet: Remodelin (S7641), α-MSH (M4135), arbutin (A4256), kojic acid (K3125), and l -DOPA (333786) were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Techniques: Incubation, Cell Culture, Activity Assay, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Timeline of the Development of Skin-Lightening Active Ingredients in Japan

doi: 10.3390/molecules27154774

Figure Lengend Snippet: List of skin-lightening active ingredients approved in Japan.

Article Snippet: 1988 , kojic acid , Sansho Seiyaku Co., Ltd. , kojic acid , tyrosinase inhibition.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Molecules

Article Title: Timeline of the Development of Skin-Lightening Active Ingredients in Japan

doi: 10.3390/molecules27154774

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of clinical trials of skin-lightening agents and drugs for the treatment of age spots.

Article Snippet: 1988 , kojic acid , Sansho Seiyaku Co., Ltd. , kojic acid , tyrosinase inhibition.

Techniques: Comparison, Clinical Proteomics, Formulation

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Synergistic effects of novel herbal decoctions from Panax ginseng and Morus alba on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08866

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of herbal decoctions on melanin synthesis in B16 cells. Cells were pretreated with (A) MC and GMC or (B) MR or GMR at the indicated concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μg/mL) for 1 h before exposure to forskolin (20 μM) for 6 days. Kojic acid was used as the positive control. The secreted melanin levels were analyzed by measuring absorbance using a microplate reader (420 nm). Bar graph (mean ± SEM) data from three experiments were determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, ∗∗∗P < 0.001; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗P < 0.05, compared with the vehicle group.

Article Snippet: Kojic acid was obtained from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Positive Control

Journal: Heliyon

Article Title: Synergistic effects of novel herbal decoctions from Panax ginseng and Morus alba on tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08866

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anti-tyrosinase activity of the main components in GMC and GMR. The mushroom tyrosinase activity of tyrosinase was determined using 1 mM L-dopa as the substrate in the absence and presence of each compound: (A) kojic acid, (B) ginsenoside Rg1 (C) morusin (D) mulberroside A (E) oxyresveratrol. Bar graph (mean ± SEM) data were determined from three experiments using one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test, ∗∗∗P < 0.001; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗P < 0.05, compared with the vehicle group.

Article Snippet: Kojic acid was obtained from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay