Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

Article Title: Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Regulates the Neuronal Uptake of Glucose in the Ischemic Brain

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1241-12.2012

Figure Lengend Snippet: A. Experimental design used to study the effect of tPA on neuronal survival. Letters denote time of treatment with tPA after exposure to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions. B – D. Mean cell survival (panels B & C) and release of LDH into the culture media (panel D) in Wt cerebral cortical neurons treated with 5 nM of proteolytically active (panels B & D) or inactive tPA (itPA; panels C & D), or 10 nM of plasmin (panel C), 5, or 30, or 60, or 120, or 180, or 360 minutes after exposure to 55 minutes of OGD conditions. n = 20 in B and 15 in C and D. * in B: p < 0.05 compared to neurons exposed to OGD conditions without subsequent treatment with tPA. * in C: p < 0.05 compared to neurons left untreated after exposure to OGD conditions. Ns: non-significant. * in D: p < 0.05 compared to cells exposed to OGD conditions without subsequent treatment. Lines denote SD. E. Mean cell survival in Wt cerebral cortical neurons exposed to 55 minutes of OGD conditions and treated 1 hour later with 5 nM of tPA, alone or in combination with either 10 µM of MK-801 or 60 nM of the receptor associated protein (RAP), or 100 nM of the tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) inhibitor K-252a. n = 10. * p < 0.05 compared to neurons treated with tPA alone, or with a combination of tPA and K-252a. Lines denote SD. F. Mean volume of the ischemic lesion in Wt and Plg−/− mice treated one hour after tMCAO with saline solution (white bars) or rtPA 1 – 9 mg/Kg/IV (gray bars). n = 10 per group. * p < 0.05 compared to Wt mice treated with saline solution. ** p < 0.05 compared to mice treated with 1 mg/Kg/IV of rtPA. *** p < 0.05 compared to Plg−/− mice treated with saline solution. Bars depict mean volume of the ischemic lesion in mm3. Lines denote SD.

Article Snippet: Other reagents were human recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (Genentech Inc.), the phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase/Akt inhibitor Wortmannin, methanol, methyl salicylate and triphenyltetrazolium chloride (Sigma Aldrich), the 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol -2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay (ATCC), the LDH release assay (Roche), the Receptor-Associated Protein (RAP; kindly provided by Dr. Dudley K. Strickland, University of Maryland), the NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (Tocris Bioscience), rapamycin and the TrkB inhibitor K-252a (Calbiochem), HIF-1α shRNA, scramble shRNA lentiviral particles, anti-GLUT3 antibodies and TRITC-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-HIF-1α antibodies (Abcam), antibodies against the p70S6 kinase (p70 S6K ) phosphorylated at Thr389 (Cell Signaling), heparin sodium (Abraxis Pharmaceutical Products), blue latex (Connecticut Valley Biological Supply), ApopTag Plus Fluorescein in Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit (Chemicon International), 4'-6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI; Invitrogen), triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC; Sigma-Aldrich), 2- N -(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG; Molecular Probes), and 18-Fluorodeoxyglucose (PETNET).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Journal of Neuroinflammation

Article Title: BDNF promotes activation of astrocytes and microglia contributing to neuroinflammation and mechanical allodynia in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis

doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-1704-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in the mechanical threshold after antagonist administration. a Compared to the CYP + DMSO groups, ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg), and ANA-12 (1.0 mg/kg) treated every other day after CYP injection reduced the decrease in the mechanical threshold and accelerated recovery significantly, while there was no difference between ANA-12 (0.1 mg/kg) and CYP + DMSO group. There was difference between ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg) and ANA-12 (1.0 mg/kg) only at day 7, day 10, day 13. b Compared to the CYP+DMSO groups, ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg), and K252a treated every other day after CYP injection reduced the decrease of the mechanical threshold and accelerated recovery significantly, and there was no difference between the effects of ANA-12 (0.5 mg/kg) and K252a. c ANA-12 treated next day after the third CYP injection 3 days continuously could reverse the mechanical threshold rapidly. d ANA-12 treated one day prior to CYP injection could prevent the onset of allodynia; moreover, there was no significant difference when compared with the control group. All data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Sidak's multiple comparisons test. All data were calculated as mean ± SEM ( n = 10 per group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. the control group. # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. the CYP + DMSO group. && p < 0.01, &&& p < 0.001 vs. the ANA-12 (0.5mg/kg) group

Article Snippet: K252a (2 μg/10 μL/rat; #12754, Cell Signaling Technology), injected intrathecally (i.t.), was dissolved in 10% DMSO [ ].

Techniques: Injection, Control

Journal:

Article Title: Actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on evoked and spontaneous EPSCs dissociate with maturation of neurones cultured from rat visual cortex

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00579.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: A, to the left is shown the time course of the frequency of mEPSCs. The frequency was measured every 30 s. BDNF and K252a were applied to this cell at 200 ng ml−1 and 200 nm, respectively, during the periods indicated by horizontal bars. To the right are shown cumulative plots of the amplitude distributions of mEPSCs 2–5 min before (continuous line) and 17–20 min after (dotted line) the BDNF application. Bin width is 2 pA. The total number of events before and after the BDNF application is 572 and 587, respectively. Other conventions are the same as in Fig. 1D. B, to the left is shown the time course of the frequency of mEPSCs. BDNF and anti-BDNF antibody were applied to this cell at 200 ng ml−1 and 5 μg ml−1, respectively, during the periods indicated by the horizontal bars. To the right are shown cumulative plots of the amplitude distributions of mEPSCs 2–5 min before (continuous line) and 17–20 min after (dotted line) the BDNF application. The total number of events is 452 and 464, respectively. Other conventions are the same as in Fig. 1D.

Article Snippet: Application of BDNF and drugs In most of the experiments, recombinant human BDNF (provided from Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan), or K252a (Kyowa Hakko Co., Ltd, Japan) was applied to neurones through the perfusion medium 10–15 min after the initiation of recordings.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Actions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on evoked and spontaneous EPSCs dissociate with maturation of neurones cultured from rat visual cortex

doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00579.x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ratio of the frequency of mEPSCs during the application of BDNF alone, BDNF + K252a and BDNF + anti-BDNF antibody to the respective control value at the time points shown on the abscissa. Filled symbols with vertical bars represent means and twice the s.d. for the same group of cells.

Article Snippet: Application of BDNF and drugs In most of the experiments, recombinant human BDNF (provided from Sumitomo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan), or K252a (Kyowa Hakko Co., Ltd, Japan) was applied to neurones through the perfusion medium 10–15 min after the initiation of recordings.

Techniques: