Journal: Materials today. Bio

Article Title: Precise delivery of doxorubicin and imiquimod through pH-responsive tumor microenvironment-active targeting micelles for chemo- and immunotherapy.

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100482

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 10. Immunostaining of tumor tissues in tumor-bearing mice after treatments. (A) Immunohistochemistry images of tumor sections stained with CD3, CD8, and TNF-α antibodies. The scale bar is 100 μm. (B) Immunofluorescence images of tumor tissues after treatments for 12 days. The scale bar is 50 μm. Blue fluorescence represents the cell nucleus stained with DAPI. Green fluorescence represents the iNOS stained with the iNOS antibody conjugated with FITC.

Article Snippet: After 30 min, the tissue slice was stained with diluted iNOS antibody (Miltenyi Biotec, catalog: 130-116-357) at 4 C overnight.

Techniques: Immunostaining, Immunohistochemistry, Staining

Journal: Journal of food and drug analysis

Article Title: Suppression of ERK1/2 and hypoxia pathways by four Phyllanthus species inhibits metastasis of human breast cancer cells.

doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 e Protein-expression levels in (A) untreated cells and (B) representative images of cells treated with aqueous Phyllanthus watsonii. (C) Western blot showing VEGF expression in untreated cells and cells treated with extracts from the four Phyllanthus species. (d) Percentage of individual protein expression. (E, F) MMP expression in cells after treatment with aqueous and methanolic extracts from four Phyllanthus species, respectively. ELISA-based detection of (G) iNOS and (H) VEGF expression in untreated cells treated with extracts from the four Phyllanthus species. Error bars indicate the standard error of the mean of three independent experiments. p < 0.05 for each Phyllanthus treatment as compared with the untreated group. APN ¼ aqueous P. niruri; APU ¼ aqueous P. urinaria; APW ¼ aqueous P. watsonii; APA ¼ aqueous P. amarus; C ¼ untreated control; Cis ¼ cisplatin; Dox ¼ doxorubicin; ELISA ¼ enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; H ¼ 500 mg/mL; I ¼ IC50 dosage; iNOS ¼ inducible nitric oxide synthase; L ¼ 50 mg/mL; M ¼ DNA marker; MMP ¼ matrix metalloproteinase; MPA ¼ methanolic P. amarus; MPN ¼ methanolic P. niruri; MPU ¼ methanolic P. urinaria; MPW ¼ methanolic P. watsonii; VEGF ¼ vascular endothelial growth factor.

Article Snippet: Total iNOS in the four Phyllanthus species-treated cells was measured using a human total-iNOS immunoassay enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA) according to manufacturer instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control, Marker

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Topical Formulations Containing Plant Extracts, Methylsulfonylmethane, and Peptiskin® in In Vitro Models of Arthritis

doi: 10.3390/ph18091270

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 8. Protective effect of AS632 against TNF-α/IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses in C28/I2 chondrocytes. C28/I2 chondrocytes were pre-treated with empty liposomes (ELs), AS632, or AS633 at a concentration of 1 µL/mL or 1 µM dexamethasone as a positive control for 2 h, followed by stimulation with 1 ng/mL IL-1β and 10 ng/mL TNF-α. (A) After 6 h of treatment, total RNA was extracted, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were analyzed by real-time qPCR. (B) After 24 h of treatment, cells were lysed, and protein levels of MMP-3, MMP-13, and iNOS were analyzed by Western blotting. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01 compared to the cytokine-treated control group.

Article Snippet: Antibodies against iNOS (Cat. No. sc-7271) and MMP-9 (Cat. No. sc-13520) were acquired from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA), while the MMP-3 antibody (Cat. No. LS-C27030-200) was obtained from LS Bio (Seattle, WA, USA).

Techniques: Liposomes, Concentration Assay, Positive Control, Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Journal of Tissue Engineering

Article Title: Formation of neutrophil extracellular traps in the early stages exacerbate the healing process by regulating macrophage polarization in Achilles tendon-bone injury

doi: 10.1177/20417314251348038

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAD4 inhibition reduces M1 macrophage polarization after tendon-bone injury. (a) Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of CD68 in tendon-bone section from control, TI, and TI + PAD4 inhibitor groups. (b) Quantification of CD11c positive cells. n = 6 mice/group. (c) IHC analysis of CD11c in tendon section from control, TI, and TI + PAD4 inhibitor groups. (d) Quantitative analysis of CD11c positive cells in c. n = 6 mice/group. (e) Western blot of iNOS, TLR4 and IL-1β in tendon tissue from control, TI, and TI + PAD4 inhibitor groups. (f) Quantification of relative gray intensity/GAPDH in c. n = 3 mice/group. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Scale bar = 1 mm. Significance was examined by one-way ANOVA (b, d, and f). ** P < 0.01, **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: For M1 macrophages detection, sections were incubated with CD68 (14-0681-82; Invitrogen), CD11c (14-0114-82, Invitrogen), and iNOS (MAB9502; R&D systems) antibodies.

Techniques: Inhibition, Immunohistochemistry, Control, Western Blot