Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinoma in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936145

Figure Lengend Snippet: GHRA suppresses syngeneic mouse melanoma growth in vivo . (A) Mouse Fluc-B16-F10 cells grafted intradermally on the right flank of syngeneic C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) and GHA male mice (transgenic for bGH G119K GHR antagonist) (n=6). Tumor growth over 4-weeks was followed by luminescent imaging following luciferin injections. Luciferin signal was quantified and plotted on the right. The changes in tumor volume (Fluc-B16-F10 in WT and GHA mice) from digital caliper measurement (B) and tumor mass (C) corroborate the suppressed tumor growth in GHA mice which has markedly lower serum IGF1 levels (D) due to presence of a circulating GHRA. Western-blot analysis of the GH downstream signaling mediators – phosphorylated STAT5, AKT and SRC kinase in the tumors of GHA and WT mice (E) . B16-F10 cells in culture when treated for 72-hours with serum collected from WT and GHA mice showed suppressed growth rate in the GHA mouse serum (F) . (*p < 0.05, mouse studies – repeated measure using SPSS; cell viability - Students t test, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The sera were then collected and measured by ELISA for IGF1 (#22-IG1MS-E01, ALPCO, Salem, NH, USA) according to the manufacture’s guidelines.

Techniques: In Vivo, Transgenic Assay, Imaging, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Growth hormone receptor antagonism downregulates ATP-binding cassette transporters contributing to improved drug efficacy against melanoma and hepatocarcinoma in vivo

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.936145

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of GHRA on response of syngeneic mouse hepatocellular carcinoma tumors to sorafenib treatment in vivo. (A) Mouse Hepa1-6 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells respond to bovine GH stimulation in culture showing increased cell viability and STAT5 activation after 72 hours (A) as well as increase in the EC50 dose of sorafenib (B) . Additionally, GH treatment increased ABC transporter levels in the cultured Hepa1-6 cells (C) . Mouse Hepa1-6 cells grafted subcutaneously on the right flank of syngeneic C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) and GHA mice (transgenic for bGH G119K GHR antagonist) (n=6). The changes in tumor volume (Hepa1-6 in WT and GHA mice) from digital caliper measurement (D) and post-dissection tumor mass (E) show suppressed tumor growth and improved tumoral response to sorafenib in the GHA mice. (F) Spearman correlation analysis for transcript levels of GHR and ABC transporter and IGF1R and ABC transporters in the tumor of 371 HCC patients in the TCGA cohort. (G) Serum IGF1 levels of Hepa1-6 tumor-bearing GHA mice are significantly lower than that of tumor-bearing WT mice. (H–J) Correlation of overall survival probability of 371 HCC patients in the TCGA cohort with RNA expression of IGF1R (H) , or ABCB1 (I) , or ABCC1 (J) . (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, mouse studies – repeated measure using SPSS; other assays - Students t test, n = 3).

Article Snippet: The sera were then collected and measured by ELISA for IGF1 (#22-IG1MS-E01, ALPCO, Salem, NH, USA) according to the manufacture’s guidelines.

Techniques: In Vivo, Activation Assay, Cell Culture, Transgenic Assay, Dissection, RNA Expression

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Insulin-like growth factor 2 and autophagy gene expression alteration arise as potential biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05941-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Plasma IGF1 and IGF2 levels in PD patients do not correlate with motor scores of PD patients. ( A ) Pearson correlation analysis between IGF2 levels in PD patients with H&Y (top panel, r = 0.1371), UPDRSIII (middle panel, r = − 0.07482) scores and evolution disease time (bottom panel, r = − 0.1951). ( B ) Correlation analysis between IGF1 levels in PD patients with H&Y (top panel, r = 0.1498), UPDRSIII (middle panel r = − 0.07823) scores and evolution disease time (bottom panel, r = − 0.09742).

Article Snippet: The plasma levels of IGF1 and IGF2 were measured by ELISA (ALPCO, 22-IGFHU-E01, and 22-IG2HU-E01) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Normalization of Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Cartilage Tissue Injury and Repair in Rabbits

doi: 10.3390/ijms131114344

Figure Lengend Snippet: H and E staining of the cartilage sections (40×). The normal control group ( A ) shows normal cartilage structure and composition; Evident cartilage defect could still be observed after 30 days in injury simple group ( B ); rhIGF-1 treatment can markedly enhance the repair of the defect by filling with proliferate chondrocyte and connective tissues ( C ).

Article Snippet: Recombinant human IGF-1 was ordered from R&D (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Selection of Suitable Reference Genes for Normalization of Quantitative Real-Time PCR in Cartilage Tissue Injury and Repair in Rabbits

doi: 10.3390/ijms131114344

Figure Lengend Snippet: qPCR cycle threshold values for five candidate reference genes among three groups. Candidate reference genes include 18S rRNA , GAPDH , CYP , HPRT1 , and B2M . Three groups were evaluated: normal (group A), injury (group B), injury + IGF-1 (group C). Boxes represent lower and upper quartiles of cycle thresholds range with medians. The distributions of C t values was wide, from a high of 28.86 ( HPRT1 ) to a low of 14.52 ( 18S rRNA ).

Article Snippet: Recombinant human IGF-1 was ordered from R&D (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Wnt-responsive fibrocartilage progenitor system coordinates postnatal mandibular condylar cartilage growth

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.25.714159

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Differential gene expression analysis was performed comparing H2B–EGFP –positive and H2B–EGFP –negative cells within the MC-progenitor cluster identified by single-cell RNA sequencing. Genes are ranked by statistical significance. Foxm1 is significantly enriched in the H2B–EGFP –positive population, whereas Tgfb1 is enriched in the H2B–EGFP –negative population, indicating divergent transcriptional programs associated with Wnt activity. (B) Feature plots were generated to visualize expression of representative genes across mandibular condylar cartilage populations. Wnt-responsive cells show enriched expression of Foxm1 and IGF signaling–related genes ( Igf1 , Igf1r , Igfbp4 , Igfbp7 ), whereas Wnt-low populations express Tgfb1 and related factors ( Igf2r , Igfbp5 , Igfbp6 ), supporting distinct signaling states. (C) Western blot analysis was performed in isolated Wnt-responsive cells transfected with control vector or constitutively active β-catenin (S33Y). Cells were stimulated with recombinant IGF1 for the indicated time points. β-catenin activation enhances Foxm1 expression and downstream mitogenic signaling, including ERK and IGF1R phosphorylation, indicating that β-catenin promotes proliferative signaling responses. (D) Co-immunoprecipitation was performed to assess interaction between β-catenin and Foxm1. Cell lysates immunoprecipitated with anti–β-catenin antibody show enrichment of Foxm1 compared with control IgG, indicating a physical association between β-catenin and Foxm1. (E,F) Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on mandibular condyles from control and Axin2 CreERT2 ;Ctnnb1 fl/+ ;Foxm1 fl/+ compound heterozygous mice at P42. H&E staining reveals reduced fibrocartilage thickness, and Ki67 staining shows decreased proliferative activity, indicating cooperative effects of β-catenin and Foxm1 in maintaining fibrocartilage proliferation. Scale bar, 100 μm. (G) Quantification of fibrocartilage thickness and Ki67-positive cells was performed. Compound heterozygous mice show reduced fibrocartilage thickness and decreased proliferation compared with controls. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Each dot represents one biologically independent animal. (H,I) Histological and immunofluorescence analyses were performed on mandibular condyles from control and Axin2 CreERT2 ;Foxm1 fl/fl mice at P42. Foxm1 deletion results in marked condylar hypoplasia and reduced proliferative activity, indicating a critical role for Foxm1 in fibrocartilage growth. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of cartilage thickness and proliferative indices was performed in Foxm1 conditional knockout mice. Foxm1 deficiency significantly reduces cartilage growth and proliferation. Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Each dot represents one biologically independent animal. Statistical significance was assessed using two-tailed Student’s t-test. n.s., not significant; **P < 0.01; ****P < 0.0001. Abbreviations: sz, superficial zone; fc, fibrocartilage zone; cc, chondrocartilage zone.

Article Snippet: Cells were stimulated with recombinant mouse IGF1 (Cat No. 791-MG-050, R&D systems) for 0, 30, 60, or 180 min.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, Activity Assay, Generated, Expressing, Western Blot, Isolation, Transfection, Control, Plasmid Preparation, Recombinant, Activation Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Immunoprecipitation, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Knock-Out, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A Wnt-responsive fibrocartilage progenitor system coordinates postnatal mandibular condylar cartilage growth

doi: 10.64898/2026.03.25.714159

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) RNAscope in situ hybridization showing Foxm1 transcript localization within the fibrocartilage compartment of the mandibular condyle. (B) RNAscope detection of Igf1 transcripts enriched in the superficial region of the fibrocartilage layer. (C) Violin plot comparing Foxm1 expression between H2B-EGFP –positive and H2B-EGFP –negative cells within the MC-progenitor cluster. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Cells were stimulated with recombinant mouse IGF1 (Cat No. 791-MG-050, R&D systems) for 0, 30, 60, or 180 min.

Techniques: RNAscope, In Situ Hybridization, Expressing

Journal: REPRODUCTION

Article Title: Increased apoptosis in bovine blastocysts exposed to high levels of IGF1 is not associated with downregulation of the IGF1 receptor

doi: 10.1530/rep-10-0336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Effect of different IGF1 concentrations on the percentage of in vitro-produced blastocysts displaying different inner cell mass (ICM)/total cell number (TCN) proportions. Within ICM/TCN categories, bars with different letters differ significantly (P%0.05).

Article Snippet: For the IGF1 treatments, a vial containing 50 mg of lyophilised recombinant human IGF1 (291-G1, R&D systems, Wiesbaden-Norderstadt, Germany) was rehydrated with 500 ml of 0.1% PBS/BSA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and stored at K20 8C in 10 ml aliquots (1000 ng).

Techniques: In Vitro, Produced

Journal: REPRODUCTION

Article Title: Increased apoptosis in bovine blastocysts exposed to high levels of IGF1 is not associated with downregulation of the IGF1 receptor

doi: 10.1530/rep-10-0336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Relative transcript abundance (meanGS.E.M.) of develop- mentally important genes in day-8 blastocysts cultured in the presence of different IGF1 concentrations from the zygote stage onwards. Bars with different superscripts within each gene transcript indicate a significant difference (P%0.05).

Article Snippet: For the IGF1 treatments, a vial containing 50 mg of lyophilised recombinant human IGF1 (291-G1, R&D systems, Wiesbaden-Norderstadt, Germany) was rehydrated with 500 ml of 0.1% PBS/BSA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and stored at K20 8C in 10 ml aliquots (1000 ng).

Techniques: Cell Culture

Journal: REPRODUCTION

Article Title: Increased apoptosis in bovine blastocysts exposed to high levels of IGF1 is not associated with downregulation of the IGF1 receptor

doi: 10.1530/rep-10-0336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Three-dimensional reconstruction of confocal laser microscopy images showing protein localisation of the IGF1R and TP53 in day- 8 blastocysts cultured in the presence of different concentrations of IGF1. PI, propidium iodide. Note the lower expression of the IGF1R in the inner cell mass of the control group compared with the IGF1 groups and the lower expression of TP53 in the trophectoderm in the supraphysiolo- gical IGF1 group (1000 ng/ml).

Article Snippet: For the IGF1 treatments, a vial containing 50 mg of lyophilised recombinant human IGF1 (291-G1, R&D systems, Wiesbaden-Norderstadt, Germany) was rehydrated with 500 ml of 0.1% PBS/BSA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and stored at K20 8C in 10 ml aliquots (1000 ng).

Techniques: Microscopy, Cell Culture, Expressing, Control

Journal: REPRODUCTION

Article Title: Increased apoptosis in bovine blastocysts exposed to high levels of IGF1 is not associated with downregulation of the IGF1 receptor

doi: 10.1530/rep-10-0336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5 Relative signal strength (RSS) values (meanGS.E.M.) of TP53 in day-8 blastocysts treated with different concentrations of IGF1. ICM, inner cell mass; TE, trophectoderm. Between groups, bars with different superscripts indicate a significant difference (TE: a, b; total RSS: A, B; P%0.05). Within groups, the asterisk indicates significant differences between the ICM and the TE (P%0.05).

Article Snippet: For the IGF1 treatments, a vial containing 50 mg of lyophilised recombinant human IGF1 (291-G1, R&D systems, Wiesbaden-Norderstadt, Germany) was rehydrated with 500 ml of 0.1% PBS/BSA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and stored at K20 8C in 10 ml aliquots (1000 ng).

Techniques:

Journal: REPRODUCTION

Article Title: Increased apoptosis in bovine blastocysts exposed to high levels of IGF1 is not associated with downregulation of the IGF1 receptor

doi: 10.1530/rep-10-0336

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Relative signal strength (RSS) values (meanGS.E.M.) of the IGF1R in day-8 blastocysts treated with different concentrations of IGF1 and displaying immunofluorescence in the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE). Between groups, bars with different super- scripts indicate a significant difference (ICM: a, b; TE: c, d; total RSS: A, B; P%0.05). Within groups, the asterisk indicates significant differences between the ICM and the TE (P%0.05).

Article Snippet: For the IGF1 treatments, a vial containing 50 mg of lyophilised recombinant human IGF1 (291-G1, R&D systems, Wiesbaden-Norderstadt, Germany) was rehydrated with 500 ml of 0.1% PBS/BSA according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and stored at K20 8C in 10 ml aliquots (1000 ng).

Techniques: