Journal: RNA

Article Title: Serum-stable RNA aptamers to urokinase-type plasminogen activator blocking receptor binding

doi: 10.1261/rna.2338210

Figure Lengend Snippet: The binding of upanap-12 to uPA requires the GFD. The relative association of upanap-12 to different variants of uPA is indicated: The inactive zymogen form of uPA (pro-uPA) active uPA (uPA), uPA without the growth factor domain (ΔGFD), and uPA without the entire ATF (also called low molecular weight uPA; LMW-uPA). The domain structure of the different variants is shown at each bar, while the inset illustrates pro-uPA with domain designations: (GFD) growth factor domain, (KD) kringle domain, and (SPD) serine protease domain. uPA variants were captured on an SPR sensor surface containing immobilized polyclonal anti-uPA antibody to the following levels: pro-uPA (215–280 RU), uPA (210–260 RU), ΔGFD-uPA (210–230 RU), and LMW-uPA (140–160 RU). The binding level of 50 nM upanap-12 to each captured variant was subsequently recorded. Using the molecular weight of the different variants, the binding level of aptamers per mole of captured variant was calculated and presented relative to the pro-uPA result. Open bars represent mean values and standard deviations derived from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Human two-chain uPA was from Wakamoto Pharmaceutical Company, while human pro-uPA and mouse uPA were from Molecular Innovations.

Techniques: Binding Assay, Molecular Weight, Variant Assay, Derivative Assay

Journal: American Journal of Translational Research

Article Title: SQYZ granules, a traditional Chinese herbal, attenuate cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mice by modulating on multiple pathogenesis processes

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQYZ treatment improved AD behavioral performances of 5XFAD mice. In the Morris water maze, during the hidden platform task, the escape strategies on the fifth day of training (A) of the WT+NS, WT+SQYZ, Tg+NS, Tg+SQYZ, and Tg+HupA groups were detected by using a camera. (B) The escape latency required for the mice to find the hidden platform on each training day was recorded. During the probe trial, one day after finishing the acquisition task, the time required to cross over to the target quadrant (C) was originally used to determine the memory retention of the mice. In the passive avoidance test, one day after fear training, the error times of mice entering the dark field (D), the step-through latency of mice from light side to dark side (E) and the time spent in light compartment (F) were recorded to test the fear memory abilities of the mice. During the nest construction test, the nesting scores of mice (G) were evaluated to reflect the abilities of daily living. All values were represented as the mean ± SEM, n = 13-15/group. *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01 vs. Tg+NS, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: Huperzine-A (HupA), as a positive control drug, was purchased from Beijing Century Aoke Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (lot number: MUST-13102808).

Techniques:

Journal: American Journal of Translational Research

Article Title: SQYZ granules, a traditional Chinese herbal, attenuate cognitive deficits in AD transgenic mice by modulating on multiple pathogenesis processes

doi:

Figure Lengend Snippet: SQYZ reduced the levels of Aβ42 in the cortex of the AD transgenic mice. The soluble (A) and the insoluble Aβ42 levels (B) in the cortex of Tg+NS, Tg+SQYZ, and Tg+HupA mouse groups were tested by the ELISA assay. The Aβ concentration was normalized to total protein level in cortex. All values were represented as the mean ± SEM, n = 6/group. *, P < 0.05 vs. Tg+NS, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test.

Article Snippet: Huperzine-A (HupA), as a positive control drug, was purchased from Beijing Century Aoke Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (lot number: MUST-13102808).

Techniques: Transgenic Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Concentration Assay