Journal: Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Article Title: Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid ATP2B1‐AS1 modulates endothelial permeability through regulating the miR‐4729–IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy

doi: 10.1111/jdi.13740

Figure Lengend Snippet: Identification of ATPase plasma membrane Ca 2+ transporting 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (ATP2B1‐AS1) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and high‐glucose‐treated high‐glucose‐treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). (a) The heatmap of the differentially expressed genes in low glucose (LG) and high glucose (HG). Upregulated genes and downregulated genes are shown in red and blue. (b) Volcano plots showing long non‐coding ribonucleic acids expression in the LG and HG groups. The red dots show the significant expressed genes. (c) Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect ATP2B1‐AS1 levels in 5 mmol/L or 25 mmol/L glucose treated HRECs. (d) Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase was carried out to distinguish the level of ATP2B1‐AS1 in blood samples obtained from DR patients ( n = 30) and healthy individuals. All values were represented by the mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and 293T cells were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Expressing, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Article Title: Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid ATP2B1‐AS1 modulates endothelial permeability through regulating the miR‐4729–IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy

doi: 10.1111/jdi.13740

Figure Lengend Snippet: ATPase plasma membrane Ca 2+ transporting 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (ATP2B1‐AS1) prevents cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and permeability. (a) Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was made to measure the expression of ATP2B1‐AS1 after transfecting plasmid cloning deoxyribonucleic acid (pcDNA)‐long non‐coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNA) ATP2B1‐AS1 (pcDNA‐lnc) and (short hairpin RNA‐lncRNA ATP2B1‐AS1; shR‐lnc) into high‐glucose‐treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). (b) The level of ATP2B1‐AS1 was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after transfecting pcDNA‐lnc and shR‐lnc into HRECs by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. (c) Proliferation of HRECs was detected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay. (d, e) Migration ability was measured by wound healing migration assay and transwell assay. (f) Tube formation assay was used to distinguish angiogenesis ability in HRECs. (g) Cell junctional assembly formation of CDH5 staining. (h) Vascular permeability was detected by using evans blue injection. All values were represented by the mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and 293T cells were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Migration, Permeability, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Cloning, shRNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cell Counting, Transwell Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Staining, Injection, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Article Title: Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid ATP2B1‐AS1 modulates endothelial permeability through regulating the miR‐4729–IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy

doi: 10.1111/jdi.13740

Figure Lengend Snippet: ATPase plasma membrane Ca 2+ transporting 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (ATP2B1‐AS1) sponges microRNA (miR)‐4729. The microRNAs lists and scores on predicted by using the MicroRNA Target Prediction Database. (b) Predicted miR‐4729 binding sites in 3′UTR of ATP2B1‐AS1 and dual luciferase report assay in ATP2B1‐AS1‐wild type (WT) or ATP2B1‐AS1‐mutation (MUT) co‐transfected with miR negative control (NC) or miR‐4729 mimics. (c) Level of miR‐4729 in high‐glucose‐treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) transfected with shR‐lnc or pcDNA‐lnc. (d) miR‐4729 expression in blood from diabetes retinopathy (DR) patients ( n = 30) and non‐DR individuals. (e) Pearson's correlation analysis was used to check the relationship between ATP2B1‐AS1 and miR‐4729. All values were represented by the mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and 293T cells were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Binding Assay, Luciferase, Mutagenesis, Transfection, Negative Control, Expressing, Standard Deviation

Journal: Journal of Diabetes Investigation

Article Title: Long non‐coding ribonucleic acid ATP2B1‐AS1 modulates endothelial permeability through regulating the miR‐4729–IQGAP2 axis in diabetic retinopathy

doi: 10.1111/jdi.13740

Figure Lengend Snippet: ATPase plasma membrane Ca 2+ transporting 1 antisense ribonucleic acid 1 (ATP2B1‐AS1) reduced high glucose‐treated high‐glucose‐treated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis and permeability through regulating microRNA (miR)‐4729–IQ motif‐containing GTPase‐activating protein 2 (IQGAP2) axis. (a) Schematic indicating the miR‐4729 sites in IQGAP2 and dual luciferase assay in IQGAP2‐wild type (WT) or IQGAP2‐mutation (MUT) treated HRECs co‐transfected with miR‐NC or miR‐4729 mimics. (b) The protein IQGAP2 level was detected by WB after transfection. (c) HRECs proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay after transfection. (d, e) Migration ability was measured by wound healing migration assay and transwell assay after transfection. (f) Tube formation assay was used to detect the ability of angiogenesis in HRECs after transfection. (g) Cell junctional assembly formation of VE‐cadherin staining after transfection. All values were represented by the mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) and 293T cells were purchased from ScienCell Research Laboratories (San Diego, CA, USA).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Migration, Permeability, Luciferase, Mutagenesis, Transfection, Cell Counting, Transwell Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Staining, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Connexin 43 (Cx43) regulates high-glucose-induced retinal endothelial cell angiogenesis and retinal neovascularization

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cx43 knockdown on HG-induced angiogenesis (A) Cx43 knockdown in hRECs was achieved through the transfection of the vector containing small hairpin RNA targeting Cx43 (sh-Cx43#1/2/3); Cx43 knockdown was confirmed using Immunoblotting. hRECs were subsequently transfected with sh-Cx43#2 (with better knocking down efficiency), cultured in normal or 60 mmol/L HG medium, and examined for tubule formation on Matrigel (B) ; ROS release using flow cytometry (C) ; the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGFA, and ICAM-1 in culture medium using ELISA kits (D) . n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with normal+sh-NC group; ## p < 0.01 compared with HG+sh-NC group.

Article Snippet: hRECs (Cat. #6530, ScienCell, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were cultured (37°C, 5% CO 2 ) in Endothelial Cell Medium (ECM, Cat. #1001, ScienCell) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cat. #0025, ScienCell). hRECs were allocated into four groups: normal, low-HG (culture medium containing 20 mmol/L glucose), middle-HG (culture medium containing 60 mmol/L glucose), and high-HG (culture medium containing 120 mmol/L glucose).

Techniques: Knockdown, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Endocrinology

Article Title: Connexin 43 (Cx43) regulates high-glucose-induced retinal endothelial cell angiogenesis and retinal neovascularization

doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.909207

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of Cx43 overexpression on HG-induced angiogenesis (A) Cx43 overexpression in hRECs was achieved through transfection of the vector containing Cx43 gene coding sequence (Cx43 OE); Cx43 overexpression was confirmed using Immunoblotting. hRECs were subsequently transfected with Cx43 OE, cultured in normal or 60 mmol/L HG medium, and examined for tubule formation on Matrigel (B) ; ROS release using flow cytometry (C) ; the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGFA, and ICAM-1 in culture medium using ELISA kits (D) . n = 3, **p < 0.01 compared with normal+vector group; ## p < 0.01 compared with HG+vector group.

Article Snippet: hRECs (Cat. #6530, ScienCell, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were cultured (37°C, 5% CO 2 ) in Endothelial Cell Medium (ECM, Cat. #1001, ScienCell) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Cat. #0025, ScienCell). hRECs were allocated into four groups: normal, low-HG (culture medium containing 20 mmol/L glucose), middle-HG (culture medium containing 60 mmol/L glucose), and high-HG (culture medium containing 120 mmol/L glucose).

Techniques: Over Expression, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Sequencing, Western Blot, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Science Advances

Article Title: PAI-1 is a vascular cell–specific HIF-2–dependent angiogenic factor that promotes retinal neovascularization in diabetic patients

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm1896

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) PAI-1 protein secretion in iHUVEC treated with digoxin in the presence and absence of hypoxia 1% O 2 (24 to 48 hours). ( B ) PAI-1 (at indicated doses) promoted angiogenesis by using the directed in vivo angiogenesis assay (DIVAA). ( C ) Tubule formation in iHUVEC treated with increasing doses of PAI-1 reported as fold induction. ( D ) Tubule formation in iHUVEC treated with hypoxia after knockdown of PAI-1 by RNAi. ( E ) PAI-1 increased migration in iHUVEC by migration assay. ( F ) Knockdown of PAI-1 expression by RNAi in hypoxic iHUVECs reduced the ability of their conditioned media to promote migration. ( G ) Using wound healing assay to examine the iHUVEC migration exposed to hypoxia following the knockdown of PAI-1 by RNAi. ( H ) Using wound healing assay to examine the iHUVEC migration exposed to hypoxia following either the knockdown of HIF-2α by RNAi, treatment of recombinant human (rh)PAI-1, or both. Data are shown as means ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple-comparison test (A) or one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple-comparison test (B to H). * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01 and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: iHUVECs, primary HRECs, and primary human pericytes were obtained from Lonza and cultured according to the manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques: In Vivo, Angiogenesis Assay, Knockdown, Migration, Expressing, Wound Healing Assay, Recombinant, Comparison