Journal: Cancer Science

Article Title: cIAP2 promotes gallbladder cancer invasion and lymphangiogenesis by activating the NF‐κB pathway

doi: 10.1111/cas.13236

Figure Lengend Snippet: Knockdown of cIAP 2 can strongly decrease the malignant biological characteristics of gallbladder cancer ( GBC ) cells. (a) Knockdown of cIAP 2 inhibited the proliferation of GBC cells. NOZ and SGC ‐996 cells were transfected with either si RNA targeting cIAP 2 or NC /si RNA , and the cell growth rates were determined using the CCK ‐8 assay. The results are presented as the means ± standard deviation ( SD ) of three independent experiments. (b,c) cIAP 2 regulated the invasiveness of GBC cells. Crystal violet‐stained images show the number of cells that penetrated the porous membrane. The statistical results are based on three independent experiments. (d,e) cIAP 2 regulated tube formation of human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells ( HDLEC ). DiI‐labelled HDLEC (red fluorescence) were co‐cultured with either NOZ or SGC ‐996 cells and subsequently treated with TNF ‐α (20 ng/mL) for 5 h. Tube formation was observed using fluorescence microscopy, and the number of tubes was counted (* P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: Human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLEC, purchased from ScienCell, San Diego, California, USA) were incubated in endothelial cell medium (ScienCell).

Techniques: Knockdown, Transfection, CCK-8 Assay, Standard Deviation, Staining, Membrane, Fluorescence, Cell Culture, Microscopy