Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) The EID50 data of each recombinant and wild-type viruses in SPF chicken embryos. (B) Allantoic fluid was clarified, and separated by SDS-PAGE on a 10% polyacrylamide gel and the HA protein was stained by Western blotting to visualize the results. (C) To evaluate the growth kinetics of recombinant viruses in SPF chicken embryos. 0.1 mL of H9N2(HA+NA)/PR8, H9N2(HA+NA+M+PB1)/PR8, and FZ1 virus with the pathogen at a dose of 104.0 EID50 were inoculated into the allantoic cavities of 10-day-old SPF chicken embryos, respectively. The allantoic fluid was collected every 6 h and the titers of all samples were detected by HA assay. The mean and standard errors are shown from 3 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Recombinant, SDS Page, Staining, Western Blot, Hemagglutination Assay

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Clinical scores during the 14-day observation period in chickens experimentally infected with H9N2(HA+NA)/PR8, H9N2(HA+NA+M+PB1)/PR8, wild-type virus, or the control. The indications for the clinical signs scores comprising sneezing (1 point), head-shaking (1 point), mouth breathing (1 point), ruffled feathers (2 points), and no activity or decreased alertness (2 points). Data were statistically evaluated by 1-way ANOVA test adjusted for post hoc analysis, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison tests. The error bar indicates standard deviation. Statistical significance was considered as follows: highly significant at P < 0.01 (**), and very highly significant at P < 0.001 (***).

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques: Infection, Activity Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tracheal lesions in 1-wk-old SPF birds inoculated with 106.0 EID50 of H9N2(HA+NA)/PR8, H9N2(HA+NA+M+PB1)/PR8, and FZ1 in 0.2 mL, via the intraocular and intranasal routes in 3- and 5-day postinfection.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: One-wk-old SPF birds were vaccinated with 108.0 EID50 H9N2(HA+NA)/PR8, H9N2(HA+NA+M+PB1)/PR8, and wild-type virus (FZ1) inactivated vaccines in 0.3 mL, via the hypodermic route, and the serum was separated at 7-, 14-, and 21-days postvaccination. HI titers in sera were determined. Bars indicate means ± standard deviations. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant, highly significant and very highly significant differences from the Group C, respectively.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tracheal lesions of groups at 5-day postchallenge. Group of birds were immunized with each vaccine were inoculated with 106.0 EID50 of wild-type strain (H9N2) in 0.2 mL, via the intraocular and intranasal routes. (A) Group A, (B) Group B, (C) Group C, (D) Group D, (E) Control-H9N2 group.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques:

Journal: Poultry Science

Article Title: Pathogenicity, transmissibility, and immunogenicity of recombinant H9N2 avian influenza viruses based on representative viruses of Southeast China

doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102625

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protective efficacy of different inactivated vaccines in SPF chickens.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were used: anti-H9N2-HA (11229-RP02, Sino Biological, Beijing, China).

Techniques: