Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105066

Figure Lengend Snippet: A .) Anti-GRP78 autoantibody prevalence was not significantly associated with COPD severity (GOLD stages) . Numbers within columns denote subject n. B .) Anti-GRP78 autoantibodies are significantly associated with emphysema prevalence (%) in the smoking subjects. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval. C .) Emphysema scores per CT were also significantly greater among those subjects with anti-GRP78 autoantibodies.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with 1∶1000 dilutions of mouse anti-human GRP78 mAb (R&D Systems) at 4°C, followed by 1∶4000 dilutions of chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105066

Figure Lengend Snippet: A .) T scores (left panel) and osteoporosis prevalence (at either/both hip or spine) (right panel) among the smoking cohort. B .) Serum levels of bone turnover metabolite collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) were greatest among smokers with anti-GRP78 autoantibodies. The lowest, second lowest, middle, second highest, and highest lines represent 10 th , 25 th , median, 75 th , and 90 th percentiles, respectively. Means are denoted by solid squares. C .) Serum levels of bone turnover metabolite type 1 (N-terminal) procollagen (P1NP) were greatest among smokers with anti-GRP78 autoantibodies. D .) The relationship between GRP78 autoantibody positivity and the concurrent co-existences of low BMD and emphysema in smokers is significant in both genders, but greatest in males.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with 1∶1000 dilutions of mouse anti-human GRP78 mAb (R&D Systems) at 4°C, followed by 1∶4000 dilutions of chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105066

Figure Lengend Snippet: A .) Compared to normal lung (Left panel), emphysematous lungs (middle and right panels) demonstrated increased immunostaining in macrophages (yellow arrows) and alveolar epithelial cells (blue arrows). Magnification x100 left and middle panels, and magnification x400 in the right panel, n = 3. B .) GRP78 was also greater in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from emphysematous lungs compared to normal preparations. Lanes 1 and 8 are rGRP78 standards. Lanes 2–7 are BALF from individual emphysematous lung explants; lanes 9–14 are BALF from normal lung explants. All specimen lanes were loaded with equal amounts of BALF proteins. C .) Indirect immunofluorescent assays showed anti-GRP78 IgG isolated from patients bind to alveolar macrophages from normal lung explants (panel a), and osteoclasts derived from bone marrow (panel b). Normal human IgG control is illustrated in panel c.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with 1∶1000 dilutions of mouse anti-human GRP78 mAb (R&D Systems) at 4°C, followed by 1∶4000 dilutions of chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Isolation, Derivative Assay, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105066

Figure Lengend Snippet: A .) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) for phosphorylated NFkB among paired, concurrent autologous CD14 + derived macrophages was increased in all 10 normal specimens after incubation with patient-derived autoantibodies to GRP78 (α-GRP78), relative to control cells treated with normal human IgG. Patient derived anti-GRP78 autoantibodies also increased macrophage production of IL-8 ( B .), CCL-2 ( C .) and MMP9 ( C .). Population means are denoted with a horizontal line.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with 1∶1000 dilutions of mouse anti-human GRP78 mAb (R&D Systems) at 4°C, followed by 1∶4000 dilutions of chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Derivative Assay, Incubation, Control

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Autoreactivity to Glucose Regulated Protein 78 Links Emphysema and Osteoporosis in Smokers

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105066

Figure Lengend Snippet: A .) Addition of GRP78 to PBMNC cultures increased CD4 T-cell proliferation (BrdU uptake) relative to media controls (no added protein) (n = 47), unlike addition of elastin split products (ESP). P c denotes alpha level corrected for multiple comparisons. B .) GRP78-induced CD4 T-cell proliferation was greatest among cultures from smokers with emphysema (n = 34). Specific indices (SI) of proliferation were calculated as %CD4 T-cells incorporating BrdU in GRP78-supplemented cultures minus incorporation in concurrent media controls. C .) GRP78 also increased percentages of CD4 T-cells that produced IFN-gamma again, unlike effects of ESP. D .) IFN-gamma production was also greatest in the CD4 T-cells from the emphysematous smokers. Specific indices (SI) were calculated as %CD4 T-cells producing IFN-gamma production in GRP78-supplemented cultures minus that of concurrent controls.

Article Snippet: Membranes were incubated with 1∶1000 dilutions of mouse anti-human GRP78 mAb (R&D Systems) at 4°C, followed by 1∶4000 dilutions of chicken anti-mouse IgG-HRP (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA).

Techniques: Produced

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation

doi: 10.3390/ph19030371

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mazdutide suppresses ER stress via the PERK pathway in MASLD mouse liver tissue. ( A ) Representative immunohistochemical staining of GRP78 and CHOP in liver sections (scale bar = 50 μm, 200× magnification). ( B ) Representative Western blot images of key proteins in the PERK pathway from each experimental group. ( C ) Quantitative densitometric analysis of PERK and eIF2α phosphorylation (presented as the p-PERK/PERK and p-eIF2α/eIF2α ratios) and the protein levels of GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP. All values were normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 5). a p < 0.05 vs. the NCD group; b p < 0.05 vs. the HFD group. Animal groups are defined in .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies for GRP78, ATF4, CHOP, and β-actin were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Mazdutide Ameliorates Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease by Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Improving Lipid Metabolism and Alleviating Inflammation

doi: 10.3390/ph19030371

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mazdutide inhibits the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway in MASLD cells. ( A ) Representative Western blot images showing the protein levels of GRP78, p-PERK, PERK, p-eIF2α, eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP, and β-actin. ( B ) Quantitative densitometric analysis of the p-PERK/PERK and p-eIF2α/eIF2α ratios and the protein levels of GRP78, ATF4, and CHOP. The protein band intensities were normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as the mean ± SD ( n = 3). a p < 0.05 vs. the NCD group; b p < 0.05 vs. the HFD group. Cell groups are as defined in .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies for GRP78, ATF4, CHOP, and β-actin were purchased from Proteintech Group, Inc (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Western Blot