Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Letters

Article Title: Membrane Distillation Provides a Dual Barrier for Coronavirus and Bacteriophage Removal

doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00483

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. MS2 and PhiX174 viral stabilities at four temperatures were tested in RO concentrate with antiscalant. The error bars represent the variance between test results (too small to be visible in some cases). Levels of viable MS2 and PhiX174 decreased with increasing temperature, with MS2 levels below detection (<1 PFU per 1 mL) following 2 hours of exposure at 65 °C. At 45 °C, after 1 hour, PhiX174 concentration decreased more than MS2, but thereafter, MS2 and PhiX174 have similar concentration declines. The immediate decrease in concentration of PhiX174 may have been caused by temperature shock when the flasks were placed into the water baths.

Article Snippet: Stocks of MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1) and PhiX174 (ATCC 13706-B1) were prepared separately using the double layer agar technique with log-phase host cultures ofEscherichia coli.

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Letters

Article Title: Membrane Distillation Provides a Dual Barrier for Coronavirus and Bacteriophage Removal

doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00483

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. MD bench-scale tests with Na2SO4 solution as the feed solution and ultrapure water as the distillate were performed in duplicates with bacteriophages (a) MS2 and (b) PhiX174. Feed and distillate temperatures were 40 and 10 °C, respectively, and the water flux was approximately 17 L/m2 h. The detection limit for the virus concentration in the distillate was 1 PFU/100 mL (dashed line). The error bars represent the variance in results between tests. (a) MS2 concentration in the feed and control declined during the experiment by 3-log10, but no permeation of MS2 to the distillate was detected. The decrease in MS2 rejection over time from 8 to 4.5 log10 rejection is an artifact of the decrease in feed concentration. (b) PhiX174 concentration in the feed and control remained relatively constant throughout the test but PhiX174 permeated to the distillate in one replicate test. The log rejection values for Na+ ions remained relatively constant throughout the test. However, relative to the virus, the low Na+ ion concentrationand the Na+ ion detection limit (0.125 mg/L) in the distillate, restricted the maximum recordable rejection.

Article Snippet: Stocks of MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1) and PhiX174 (ATCC 13706-B1) were prepared separately using the double layer agar technique with log-phase host cultures ofEscherichia coli.

Techniques: Virus, Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Letters

Article Title: Membrane Distillation Provides a Dual Barrier for Coronavirus and Bacteriophage Removal

doi: 10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00483

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. MD bench-scale test with RO concentrate as the feed solution and ultrapure water as the distillate were performed with (a) MS2 and (b) PhiX174. Feed and distillate temperatures were 40 and 10 °C, respectively, and the water flux was approximately 17 L/m2-h. The detection limit for the virus concentration in the distillate was 1 PFU/100 mL (dashed line). The error bars represent the variance in results between tests. The concentration of MS2 in the feed solution declined by approximately 1.4-log10, similarly to what was observed in the Na2SO4 tests, while the concentration of PhiX174 remained relatively constant. No permeation of MS2 was observed during the tests; however, PhiX174 permeated after the second hour in one of the replicate tests. The log rejection values for Na+ ions remained relatively constant throughout the test.

Article Snippet: Stocks of MS2 (ATCC 15597-B1) and PhiX174 (ATCC 13706-B1) were prepared separately using the double layer agar technique with log-phase host cultures ofEscherichia coli.

Techniques: Virus, Concentration Assay

Journal: Chemosphere

Article Title: Effects of water matrix on virus inactivation using common virucidal techniques for condensate urine disinfection.

doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.04.083

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. The dendrogram of virus inactivation with different water matrix. Note: A means MS2 inactivation by Chlorine, B means Phi X174 inactivation by Chlorine, C means MS2 inactivation by UVC, D means Phi X174 inactivation by UV, E means MS2 inactivation by UV/TiO2, and F means Phi X174 inactivation by UV/TiO2.

Article Snippet: The two viruses used in the experiments – MS2 (ssRNA coliphage, ATCC 15597-B1) and Phi X174 (ssDNA coliphage, ATCC 13706-B1) – were supplied by ATCC in freeze-dried form.

Techniques: Virus

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Screening and validation of candidate plasma proteins. (A) 1331 identified proteins in plasma, CP: cytoplasm; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; EC: extracellular; MC: mitochondria; PM: plasma membrane. (B) The differentially expressed proteins between the case and control groups are described using volcano plots. The differentially expressed proteins on the statistical criteria of fold change <2/3, >3/2 (log2 scaled), and P < 0.05 (−log10 scaled). (C) Differential expression of GPI between 102 LUAD cases and 102 healthy controls in the validation phase. (D) Differential expression of PGD between 102 LUAD cases and 102 healthy controls in the validation phase. Navy blue, total LUAD cases, red, total healthy controls; green, female LUAD cases, light blue, female healthy controls; purple, male LUAD cases, orange, male healthy controls. (E) ROC curve for GPI expression levels of LUAD cases versus healthy controls. (F) ROC curve for PGD expression levels of LUAD cases versus healthy controls. (G) ROC curve for combined GPI and PGD expression levels of LUAD cases versus healthy controls. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Control, Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. GPI and PGD are consistently differential expressed in both plasma and tissues. (A) GPI protein are differential expressed in plasma. (B) GPI protein are differential expressed in tissue. (C) GPI mRNA are differential expressed in tissue. (D) PGD protein are differential expressed in plasma. (E) PGD protein are dif ferential expressed in tissue. (F) PGD mRNA are differential expressed in tissue.

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Kaplan-Meier estimates the overall survival probability of LUAD patients. (A-B) Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis of the prognostic significance of a high and a low mRNA expression of GPI and PGD. (C–D) Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis of the prognostic significance of a high and a low protein expression of GPI and PGD.

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 6. Association between expression of GPI and PGD in tissue and plasma and vascular normalization (**P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Expressing, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. GO functional classification and KEGG pathway mapping of GPI, PGD, and relevant genes. (A) The STRING database was used to analyze the top 50 relevant genes and Cytoscape was used to display the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. (B) The distributions were summarized in three main categories: biological process, molecular function (MF), and cellular component (CC). (C) Scatter plot of enriched KEGG pathways statistics. The color and size of the dots represent the range of the P-value and the number of genes mapped to the indicated pathways, respectively. Top 10 enriched pathways are shown in the fig. (D) The map of “glycolysis” was modified from the KEGG map.

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Modification

Journal: Journal of proteomics

Article Title: Plasma GPI and PGD are associated with vascular normalization and may serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma: Multi-omics and multi-dimensional analysis.

doi: 10.1016/j.jprot.2024.105247

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Lung adenocarcinoma active metastasis model. (A) Schematic of active metastasis tumor-bearing mice model, tumor tissues of mice without lung metastasis (a), the tumor tissues of mice with lung metastasis (b) and the corresponding lung metastasis tumor tissues (c). (B) Immunofluorescence photographs of tumor tissue of mice without lung metastasis (a), the tumor tissues of mice with lung metastasis (b) with CD31 and α-SMA staining. Scale: 200 μM. (C) Differential expression of α-SMA in tumor tissue of mice without lung metastasis (a), the tumor tissues of mice with lung metastasis (b). (D) The expression of α-SMA, GPI, PGD in tumor tissues of mice without lung metastasis(a), the tumor tissues of mice with lung metastasis (b) and the corresponding lung metastasis tumor tissues (c). (E) Differential expression of α-SMA, GPI, and PGD in tumor tissue of mice without lung metastasis(a), the tumor tissues of mice with lung metastasis (b) and the corresponding lung metastasis tumor tissues (c). (*P < 0.05; ***P < 0.001).

Article Snippet: For immunohistochemistry stainings, the slides were incubated with GPI (CST, 94068 T) or PGD (Proteintech, 14,718–1-AP) antibody solution for 24 h at 4 ◦C with gentle shaking.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Quantitative Proteomics, Expressing