Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Function of ghrelin and ghrelin receptors in the network regulation of gastric motility.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. GHS-R1s and α-actin immunofluorescent staining in cultured smooth muscle cells. (A) GHS-R1s staining (red fluorescence, arrows); (B) α-actin staining (green fluorescence, arrows); (C) GHS-R1s/α-actin staining (merged image fluorescence, arrows). Cell nuclei, DAPI staining. Scale bar, 15 µm (magnification, x40). GHS-Rs, ghrelin receptors.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin, [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (an antagonist of GHS-R), atropine (an antagonist of M-type cholinergic receptor), carbamoylcholine chloride and nimodipine were obtained from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK), tetrodotoxin (TTX) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), goat anti-rat GHS-R1 (D-16) antibody, mouse anti-rat NF-H (H-5) antibody, mouse anti-rat a-actin antibody (1A4) antibody and rabbit anti-rat c-Kit antibody (C-19) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies as well as tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)-conjugated rabbit anti-goat secondary antibody were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Cell Culture, Fluorescence

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Function of ghrelin and ghrelin receptors in the network regulation of gastric motility.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. GHS-R1s and NF-H immunofluorescent staining in gastric antrum nerve cells. (A) GHS-R1s staining (red fluorescence; big arrows indicate cellular bodies and small arrows indicate neural fibers); (B) NF-H staining (green fluorescence, arrows); (C) GHS-R1s/NF-H staining (merged image fluorescence, big arrows indicate cellular bodies and small arrows indicate neural fibers). Cell nuclei, DAPI staining. Scale bar, 15 µm (magnification, x40). GHS-Rs, ghrelin receptors; NF-H, neurofilament heavy polypeptide.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin, [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (an antagonist of GHS-R), atropine (an antagonist of M-type cholinergic receptor), carbamoylcholine chloride and nimodipine were obtained from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK), tetrodotoxin (TTX) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), goat anti-rat GHS-R1 (D-16) antibody, mouse anti-rat NF-H (H-5) antibody, mouse anti-rat a-actin antibody (1A4) antibody and rabbit anti-rat c-Kit antibody (C-19) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies as well as tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)-conjugated rabbit anti-goat secondary antibody were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Function of ghrelin and ghrelin receptors in the network regulation of gastric motility.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2571

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. GHS-R1s and c-Kit immunofluorescent staining in gastric antrum Cajal cells. (A) GHS-R1s staining (red fluorescence, arrows); (B) c-Kit staining (green fluorescence, big/small arrows); (C) GHS-R1s/c-Kit staining (merged image fluorescence, big arrows). Scale bar, 20 µm (magnification, x40). GHS-Rs, ghrelin receptors.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin, [d-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (an antagonist of GHS-R), atropine (an antagonist of M-type cholinergic receptor), carbamoylcholine chloride and nimodipine were obtained from Tocris Cookson (Bristol, UK), tetrodotoxin (TTX) was obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), goat anti-rat GHS-R1 (D-16) antibody, mouse anti-rat NF-H (H-5) antibody, mouse anti-rat a-actin antibody (1A4) antibody and rabbit anti-rat c-Kit antibody (C-19) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-mouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies as well as tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)-conjugated rabbit anti-goat secondary antibody were obtained from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc. (West Grove, PA, USA).

Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Cardiovascular research

Article Title: Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes.

doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.01.024

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 2. Ghrelin immunoreactivity in human (g) and HL-1 (e) cardiomyocytes, in human (l) and mouse (j) heart tissue, and, as positive controls, in human (c) and mouse (a) stomach (where immunoreactivity was found in neuroendocrine cells of gastric glands). For murine and human stomach, murine and human heart and HL-1 cells, negative controls were run with pre-saturated primary antibody (b, d, k, m and f, respectively), and for human cardiomyocyte primary cultures by replacing primary antibody with TBS (i). Human cardiomyocyte primary cultures were also stained by anti- MHC antibody (h). (b, d, i, k, m) Nomarsky differential interference contrast. Objective magnifications: c and k, 20; a, b, d, j, l and m, 40; e, f, g, h, i, 60.

Article Snippet: Negative controls were processed using anti-ghrelin antibody exposed overnight to 10 AM ghrelin (Santa Cruz) at 4 jC, or using TBS alone (without antibody, etc.) in some other incubation step.

Techniques: Staining

Journal: European journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1460241

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1 Effect of 10 nM rat ghrelin on the insulin response to increasing glucose concentration (from 5.5 to 9 mM) in the per- fused rat pancreas. The solid line corresponds to control experi- ments: from 10 to 25 min, 9 mM glucose infusion ðn ¼ 9Þ: The broken line corresponds to ghrelin experiments: from 0 to 10 min, ghrelin infusion at 5.5 mM glucose; from 10 to 25 min, 9 mM glucose þ ghrelin infusion ðn ¼ 6Þ: Values are means^S.E.M.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin (n-octanoylated), purchased from Peptides International (Louisville, KY, USA), was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.1% bovine albumin (Cohn fraction V).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: European journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1460241

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2 Effect of 10 nM rat ghrelin on the insulin response to 1 mM carbachol in the perfused rat pancreas. The solid line corre- sponds to control experiments: from 10 to 25 min, 1 mM carbachol infusion ðn ¼ 5Þ: The broken line corresponds to ghrelin exper- iments: from 0 to 10 min, ghrelin infusion at 5.5 mM glucose; from 10 to 25 min, 1 mM carbachol+ghrelin infusion ðn ¼ 6Þ: Values are means^S.E.M.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin (n-octanoylated), purchased from Peptides International (Louisville, KY, USA), was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.1% bovine albumin (Cohn fraction V).

Techniques: Control

Journal: European journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1460241

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3 Effect of 10 nM rat ghrelin on the insulin (A), glucagon (B) and somatostatin (C) responses to 10 mM arginine in the per- fused rat pancreas. The solid line corresponds to control experi- ments: from 10 to 25 min, 10 mM arginine infusion (A, n ¼ 5; B, n ¼ 10; C, n ¼ 8). The broken line corresponds to ghrelin experiments: from 0 to 10 min, ghrelin infusion at 5.5 mM glucose; from 10 to 25 min, 10 mM arginine þ ghrelin infusion (A, n ¼ 5; B, n ¼ 9; C, n ¼ 9). Values are means^S.E.M.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin (n-octanoylated), purchased from Peptides International (Louisville, KY, USA), was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.1% bovine albumin (Cohn fraction V).

Techniques: Control

Journal: European journal of endocrinology

Article Title: Inhibitory effect of ghrelin on insulin and pancreatic somatostatin secretion.

doi: 10.1530/eje.0.1460241

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4 Effect of 2 nM rat ghrelin on the insulin response to increasing glucose concentration (from 5.5 to 9 mM) in the per- fused rat pancreas. The solid line corresponds to control experi- ments: from 10 to 25 min, 9 mM glucose infusion ðn ¼ 9Þ: The broken line corresponds to ghrelin experiments: from 0 to 10 min, 2 nM ghrelin infusion at 5.5 mM glucose; from 10 to 25 min, 9 mM glucose þ 2 nM ghrelin infusion ðn ¼ 6Þ: Values are means^S.E.M.

Article Snippet: Rat ghrelin (n-octanoylated), purchased from Peptides International (Louisville, KY, USA), was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.1% bovine albumin (Cohn fraction V).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control