Journal: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Performance Assessment of Two Low-Cost PM 2.5 and PM 10 Monitoring Networks in the Padana Plain (Italy)

doi: 10.3390/s24123946

Figure Lengend Snippet: Taylor diagrams of ( a ) PM 2.5 and ( b ) PM 10 daily concentrations observed by all single LC stations compared to the paired ARPA reference stations (15 October 2022–15 April 2023). Dashed black circles (radial distance from the origin) show standard deviation of LC observations (σ LC ) normalized to standard deviation of ARPA observations (σ ARPA ). Concentric dashed yellow circles emanating from ARPA observations point show a centred root mean square difference (RMSD), which is also normalized to σ ARPA . RMSD is centred as mean values of LC and ARPA observations are subtracted first: therefore, the diagram does not provide information about overall biases .

Article Snippet: The following packages integrated in “R-stat” (and functions implemented therein) were used: “pastecs” [ ] for the descriptive statistical analysis (function “stat.desc”); “Metrics” [ ] to calculate the statistical scores (functions “bias”, “mae”, “rmse”); the R Stats Package [ ] to calculate other metrics (“sd”, “cor”), the linear regression (“lm”) and F test (“var.test”); the R Graphics Package [ ] to plot boxplots (“boxplot”) and time series (“plot”); “ggplot2” [ ] to draw the scatter plots (“ggplot”); “OpenAir” [ ] to plot the Taylor diagrams [ ] (“TaylorDiagram”).

Techniques: Standard Deviation