Journal: eLife

Article Title: Vanishing white matter disease expression of truncated EIF2B5 activates induced stress response

doi: 10.7554/eLife.56319

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) A horizontal cladogram of eif2b1-5 gene sequences shows that zebrafish have a single ortholog of each human EIF2B gene, and a relative conservation of amino acid sequence between orthologs. Scale bar equals an evolutionary distance of 0.1 amino acid changes per position in the sequence (Phylodendron). ( B ) Comparison of zebrafish and human EIF2B protein sequences shows conserved domain architectures. ( C–L ) Whole-mount in situ expression analysis in zebrafish embryos and larvae, brightfield microscopy, rostral left, dorsal top. ( C–E ) eif2b subunit genes at 24 hpf shows predominantly brain and eye expression, with lower levels of expression throughout the embryo. ( H–L ) eif2b subunit genes at 72 hpf shows higher expression throughout the animal and in the brain compared to 24 hpf. ( M–Q ) qRT-PCR expression of eif2b subunit genes from 24 hpf through 7 dpf, normalized to 24 hpf expression demonstrates variable expression changes across development. Error bars, standard error of the mean. Figure 1—source data 1. Quantification of qRT-PCR results of eif2b subunits. Figure 1—source data 2. Statistical analysis of changes in subunit expression.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( D. rerio ) , eif2b1 sa12357 , Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC) , ZIRC Catalog ID: ZL8971.02; RRID: ZIRC_ZL8971 .02 , .

Techniques: Sequencing, Comparison, In Situ, Expressing, Microscopy, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Vanishing white matter disease expression of truncated EIF2B5 activates induced stress response

doi: 10.7554/eLife.56319

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A-D ) Depiction of zebrafish eif2b subunits exon structure and the location and nucleotide change for each mutant. ( A ) eif2b1 harbors a T/A transversion resulting in an early stop in exon 8. ( B ) eif2b2 has a G/A transition in exon 5, mutating an essential splice site. ( C ) eif2b4 has a G/A transition in exon 12 mutating an essential splice site. ( D ) eif2b5 exon one was targeted for mutagenesis using a gRNA (red). Six distinct alleles were recovered (described in text). ( E ) Chromatograms of cDNA confirm presence of predicted mutations for eif2b5 zc103/zc103 , eif2b5 zc102/zc102 , and eif2b2 sa17223/sa17223 . ( F ) eif2b5 zc103/zc103 mutants survive until adulthood in Mendelian ratios, but show grow defects compared to their heterozygous and wild-type siblings. ( G ) Adult eif2b5 zc103/zc103 lengths are significantly shorter compared to their wild-type and heterozygous siblings. ( H ) Bright-field (BF) images of 6 dpf eif2b5 zc103/zc103 , eif2b5 zc102/zc102 , and eif2b2 sa17223/sa17223 larva. eif2b2 sa17223/sa17223 and eif2b5 zc102/zc102 have no swim bladder (arrowhead) and a small head. ( I ) Kaplan-Meyer survival curves from an eif2b2 sa17223/+ heterozygous in-cross shows 1% (n = 3) homozygote survival at 10 dpf (total n = 302); however no homozygotes live past 2 weeks of age. ( J ) Kaplan-Meyer survival curves from an eif2b5 zc102/+ heterozygous in-cross shows that all homozygotes were dead by 10 dpf (total n = 62). ( K ) Kaplan-Meyer survival curves from an eif2b5 zc103/+ heterozygous in-cross show no mortality of homozygotes. ( L ) Motor swimming analysis shows impaired swimming behavior in mutants. Distance moved, time spent moving, and velocity, for wild-type controls, and eif2b5 zc103/zc103 , eif2b5 zc102/zc102 , and eif2b2 sa17223/sa17223 mutants, at 5, 6, and 7 dpf. Mean shown with 95% confidence intervals. Figure 2—source data 1. Quantification of lengths. Figure 2—source data 2. Quantification of behavior results. Figure 2—source data 3. Quantification of behavior results of eif2b4 sa17367/sa17367 allele. Figure 2—source data 4. qRT-PCR for ISR transcripts for eif2b4 sa17367/sa17367 allele. Figure 2—source data 5. Survival quantification for eif2b4 sa17367/sa17367 allele. Figure 2—source data 6. Survival quantification for eif2b5 zc103/zc103 allele.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( D. rerio ) , eif2b1 sa12357 , Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC) , ZIRC Catalog ID: ZL8971.02; RRID: ZIRC_ZL8971 .02 , .

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Vanishing white matter disease expression of truncated EIF2B5 activates induced stress response

doi: 10.7554/eLife.56319

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( D. rerio ) , eif2b1 sa12357 , Zebrafish International Resource Center (ZIRC) , ZIRC Catalog ID: ZL8971.02; RRID: ZIRC_ZL8971 .02 , .

Techniques: Generated, Recombinant, Transfection, Construct, Labeling, Plasmid Preparation, SYBR Green Assay, Software, Staining

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–D ) Sagittal sections of P18 brains from the indicated genotypes, with color channels for the indicated histochemical stains and/or immunostains indicated in each image. In each set, the boxed region in the cerebellum in the upper image is shown at higher magnification in the lower two images. Mice were injected IP with 2–3 mg of sulfo-NHS-biotin 1–2 hr before sacrifice. ( Ndp is an X-linked gene, and Norrin null males are designated Ndp Δ/Y .) Arrows in ( D ) point to biotin leakage in the hindbrain. A, anterior; P, posterior. Scale bar (low magnification images), 1 mm. Scale bar (high magnification images), 200 μm. ( E,F ) Quantification of the fraction of vessels that immunostain for GLUT1 ( E ) and PLVAP ( F ), for each genotype shown in ( A–D ) and Dlg1 fl/Δ ; Tie2-Cre .

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A,B ) Sagittal sections of P18 brains from the indicated genotypes, with color channels for the indicated histochemical stains and/or immunostains listed in the corner of each image. In each image set, the boxed region in the cerebellum in the upper image is shown at higher magnification in the lower two images. Mice were injected IP with 2–3 mg of sulfo-NHS-biotin 1–2 hr before sacrifice. Dlg1 fl/+ ;Tie2-Cre ( A ) and Dlg1 fl/Δ ;Tie2-Cre ( B ) brains show no alterations in EC anatomy, EC markers, or BBB integrity. A, anterior; P, posterior. Scale bar for low magnification images, 1 mm. Scale bar for high magnification images, 200 μm.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–C ) WT STF ( A ), Dlg1 KO STF Clone #12 ( B ), and Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 ( C ) were transfected with Norrin and Fz4 plasmids together with the indicated concentrations of Myc-Dlg1 plasmid DNA. The statistical significance of the relative STF firefly luciferase activity (i.e. normalized relative to the transfected Renilla luciferase) was in comparison to the sample with no Myc-Dlg1 transfection, determined from triplicate data using the unpaired t-test. The mean Renilla luciferase values (n = 42 data points per cell line) were 4.54 ± 0.57 and 3.61 ± 0.92 for Clone #12 and Clone #15, respectively, indicating on average an ~25% greater transfection efficiency for Clone #12 compared to Clone #15. ( D ) Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 was transfected with Fz4 and each of the 19 mouse Wnts or Norrin, together with Myc-Dlg1 or the empty pRK5 vector at 2.5 ng/well. ( E ) Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 was transfected with Fz4, Wnt7a, Gpr124, and Reck, together with Myc-Dlg1 or the empty pRK5 vector at 2.5 ng/well. ( F ) Immunoblot analysis of Myc-Dlg1, Myc-Dlg2, Myc-Dlg3, Myc-Dlg4, or V5-Dlg5 produced by transient transfection of HEK/293T cells. Actin serves as a loading control. Molecular weight markers are indicated at the left. ( G ) Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 was transfected with Norrin and Fz4 plasmids with the indicated concentrations of Myc-Dlg1, Myc-Dlg2, Myc-Dlg3, Myc-Dlg4, or V5-Dlg5 plasmid DNA.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Luciferase, Activity Assay, Comparison, Western Blot, Produced, Control, Molecular Weight

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Schematic of the strategy for creating a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion in exon 10 of the Dlg1 gene, leading to a frameshift mutation and termination of the open reading frame in exon 11. ( B ) By immunoblotting, Dlg1 was undetectable in two CRISPR/Cas9-edited Super TOP Flash (STF) cell lines, Dlg1 KO STF Clones #12 and #15. ( C ) Predicted amino acid sequences of WT Dlg1 and the CRISPR/Cas9-edited Dlg1 alleles present in Dlg1 KO STF Clones #12 and #15. DNA sequences of the CRISPR/Cas9-edited alleles were obtained from multiple cloned PCR products. Green, PDZ1 sequence; black, inter-PDZ domain sequence; blue, PDZ2 sequence; red, out-of-frame sequence; asterisk, out-of-frame stop codon.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: CRISPR, Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Clone Assay, Sequencing

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Co-immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting to assess the interactions between Myc-Dlg1 and Rim-Fz4. HEK/293T cells were co-transfected with Myc-Dlg1 and WT Rim-Fz4, Rim-Fz4(4A), or an empty expression vector. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed with anti-Myc antibody (left) or anti-Rim antibody (right). ( B ) Schematic summarizing the results in ( A ). Rim-Fz4 is depicted in the plasma membrane (horizontal black lines) with its Rim-tagged N-terminus in the extracellular space (top) and its C-terminus in the cytoplasm (bottom). ( C ) HEK/293T cells were co-transfected with Rim-Fz4 and either WT Myc-Dlg1, the indicated PDZ deletion derivatives (ΔPDZ), or an empty expression vector. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed with anti-Myc antibody (left) or anti-Rim antibody (right). In ( C ) and ( E ), the red dot indicates a contaminant, which is variably present. ( D,E ) HEK/293T cells were transfected with WT Myc-Dlg1, the indicated PDZ deletion derivatives (ΔPDZ), or an empty expression vector. Soluble cytosolic proteins from the transfected cells were captured with an N-terminally biotinylated synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 12 amino acids of Fz4. ( F ) MBP was fused at its C-terminus to PDZ1, PDZ2, or PDZ1+2 of Dlg1 and the resulting fusion proteins were expressed in E. coli . The MBP fusion proteins were purified and then tested for binding to an N-terminally biotinylated synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal 12 amino acids of Fz4 or the C-terminal 11 amino acids of bovine rhodopsin, which lacks a PDZ-binding motif. ( G ) Summary of the binding results between Dlg1 and Fz4. For each interaction examined, a score of - (no binding), +/- (little to no binding), + (minimal binding), or +++ (robust binding) was assigned. Blank spaces signify that binding was not assessed.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot, Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane, Purification, Binding Assay

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Surface biotinylation, as described in Materials and methods, of Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 cells transfected with Rim-Fz4, Rim-Tspan12, and/or Myc-Dlg1.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Transfection

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Diagram of WT Myc-Dlg1 and its domain deletion mutants. ( B ) Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 cells were transfected with Tspan12, Norrin, and Fz4, together with Myc-Dlg1, the indicated domain deletion mutants of Myc-Dlg1, or the empty expression vector (pRK5). ( C ) Immunoblot of WT Myc-Dlg1 and various combinations of L27, PEST, SH3, HOOK, and GUK domain deletion mutants shown in the schematic in ( A ). Immunoblots of the PDZ domain deletions are shown in . ( D ) Dlg1 KO STF Clone #15 cells were transfected with Fz4 WT and Norrin plasmids or Rim-Fz4(4A) and Norrin plasmids, together with the indicated concentrations of Myc-Dlg1 DNA.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Diagram of the Fz4 allele produced by CRISPR/Cas9 editing ( Fz4 MGK ). Numbers indicate exons. TVV, the C-terminal three amino acids, were substituted with MGK. Right, sequencing chromatograms from mouse tail PCR products. Boxes encompass the three altered codons. Top, WT allele. Bottom, Fz4 MGK allele. ( B ) Protein extracts from HEK/293T cells transfected with WT Myc-Dlg1 (+) or an empty expression vector (–) were subjected to affinity capture using a biotin-Fz4 WT C-terminal peptide, a biotin-Fz4 peptide with the C-terminal three amino acids substituted by MGK, or a biotin-rhodopsin C-terminal peptide. Myc-Dlg1 binds only to the Fz4 WT C-terminal peptide. ( C ) Immunoblot of protein extracts from HEK/293T cells transfected with Rim-Fz4 WT, Rim-Fz4(4A) or Rim-Fz4(MGK), i.e., Fz4 with the C-terminal three amino acids changed to MGK. ( D–F ) Maximum projection of the superficial, intermediate, and deep vascular plexuses of P18 retinas from the indicated genotypes (column 1) with boxed regions enlarged in columns 2–5. Mice were injected IP with 2–3 mg of sulfo-NHS-biotin 1–2 hr before sacrifice. Arrow in ( E ) indicates biotin leakage. Scale bar for column 1, 400 μm. Scale bar for columns 2–5, 200 μm. ( G–I ) Quantification of summed vascular density ( G ), the fraction of vessels that immunostain for Claudin5 ( H ), and the fraction of vessels that immunostain for PLVAP ( I ), for the genotypes shown in ( D–F ).

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Produced, CRISPR, Sequencing, Transfection, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, Injection

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary diagram of Dlg1 in beta-catenin signaling for CNS angiogenesis and BBB/BRB maintenance.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques:

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Dlg1 activates beta-catenin signaling to regulate retinal angiogenesis and the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers

doi: 10.7554/eLife.45542

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , Dlg1 fl , PMID: 18842882 , , Richard Huganir (Johns Hopkins).

Techniques: Generated, Luciferase, CRISPR, Recombinant, Expressing, Plasmid Preparation, Binding Assay, Reporter Assay, Software, Transfection, Protease Inhibitor, Protein Extraction

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

doi: 10.7554/eLife.40179

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A–F’ ) Temporal X-gal stainings of Myf5 Cre ;Pax7 GPL embryos (n = 2–4 each condition). ( G–G’’ ) Immunostaining for GFP and Tuj1 in E10.5 Myf5 Cre ;R26 mTmG embryo (n = 2). Ventral 3D projection of cranial region ( G ) and two sections 60 µm apart (dorso-ventral direction) in region indicated in ( G ) are shown. The cucullaris is innervated by the accessory nerve XI. V, trigeminal nerve; VII, facial nerve; IX, glossopharyngeal nerve; X, vagal nerve; XI, accessory nerve; XII, hypoglossal nerve; atp, acromiotrapezius; ccl, cucullaris anlage; clp, cutaneous maximus/latissimus dorsi precursor; dg, digastric muscles; epm, epaxial neck musculature; fmp, facial muscle precursors; h, heart; hc, hypoglossal cord; ifh, infrahyoid muscles; lb, limb bud; lbm, limb muscle anlagen and limb muscles; ltd, latissimus dorsi; lvs, levator scapula; mas, masseter; mmp, masticatory muscle precursor; nlb, nasolabialis muscles; oca, occipito/cervico-auricularis anlagen and muscles; PA1-6, pharyngeal arches 1–6; ptm, pectoralis muscles; S3-S4, somites 3–4; stm, sternocleidomastoid; stp, spinotrapezius; tgp, tongue primordia; tpr; temporal. Scale bars: in A-E’, 1000 µm; in F-F’, 2000 µm, in G for G, 400 µm for G-G’, 200 µm.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , R26 tdTomato , PMID:20023653 , MGI:3809524 , Dr. Hongkui Zeng (Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Muscles

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

doi: 10.7554/eLife.40179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostainings on coronal cryosections of E18.5 Mesp1 Cre ;R26 tdTomato and Pax3 Cre ;R26 tdTomato mice for the myofibre Tnnt3 and Tomato markers at levels indicated in . Higher magnifications of selected areas in ( A–J ) are shown in ; (n = 2 for each condition). See also the atlas of neck musculature in . ( A–H ) Mesp1 Cre labeled all neck muscles including branchiomeric (myh, esm, phm and ilm), cucullaris (stm, atp), somitic epaxial (epm) and hypaxial (tg, lcp, lcl, ifh) muscles. Pax3 Cre marked somitic muscles. ( I–J ) At shoulder level, Mesp1 -derived cells did not contribute to posterior somitic myofibres including scapular muscles (scp) compared to that observed in Pax3 Cre embryos. ac, arytenoid cartilage; acp, scapular acromion process; atp, acromiotrapezius; cc, cricoid cartilage; epm, epaxial musculature; esm, esophagus striated muscle; hh, humeral head; ifh, infrahyoid muscles; ilm, intrinsic laryngeal muscles; lcl, longus colli; lcp, longus capitis; myh, mylohyoid; ob, occipital bone; oc, otic capsule; phm, pharyngeal muscles; stm, sternocleidomastoid; scp, scapular musculature; tc, thyroid cartilage; tg, tongue. Scale bars: in J for A-B 200 µm, for C-J 400 µm.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , R26 tdTomato , PMID:20023653 , MGI:3809524 , Dr. Hongkui Zeng (Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA).

Techniques: Labeling, Muscles, Derivative Assay

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

doi: 10.7554/eLife.40179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunostainings on coronal cryosections of E18.5 Wnt1 Cre ;R26 tdTomato mice at levels indicated in . Tnnt3/Tomato immunostainings are shown in ( A–D ) and immunostainings for Tuj1/Tomato on selected areas of ( A–D ) are shown with higher magnifications in ( A’–D’ ). See associated – ; (n = 2). ( A–A’ ) Note high Wnt1 contribution in the acromiotrapezius but not in epaxial muscles where Wnt1 -derived cells marked neuronal cells. ( B–C’ ) Wnt1 -derived cells marked differentially the distinct muscles composing the sternocleidomastoid and laryngeal musculatures. ( D–D’ ) At shoulder level, the Wnt1 cells did not contribute to attachment of acromiotrapezius to scapula. ac, arytenoid cartilage; acp, scapular acromion process; atp, acromiotrapezius; cc, cricoid cartilage; clm, cleidomastoid; clo, cleido-occipitalis; ct, cricothyroid; epm, epaxial musculature; hh, humeral head; ifh, infrahyoid muscles; lca, lateral cricoarytenoid; MCT, muscle-associated connective tissue; pca, posterior cricoarytenoid; phm, pharyngeal muscles; scp, scapular musculature; std, sternomastoid; tam, thyroarytenoid muscle; tc, thyroid cartilage; vm, vocal muscle. Scale bars: in D’ for A-D 400 µm for A’-D’ 200 µm.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , R26 tdTomato , PMID:20023653 , MGI:3809524 , Dr. Hongkui Zeng (Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA).

Techniques: Muscles, Derivative Assay

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

doi: 10.7554/eLife.40179

Figure Lengend Snippet: See also , . ( A–D ) X-gal stainings of Prx1 Cre ;R26R reporter mice at E9.5 (n = 3) ( A ) and E18.5 (n = 3) ( C–D ), and immunostaining for GFP and the Pax7/Myod/My32 myogenic markers in Prx1 Cre ;R26 mTmG E12.5 embryo (n = 2) ( B ). Note Prx1 -derived cells in postcranial LPM (A, black arrowheads) and Prx1 -derived cells among, but not in, cucullaris myofibres ( B–D ). ( E–F’’ ) Immunostaining for β-gal, Tnnt3 and Tcf4 on coronal cryosections of E18.5 Prx1 Cre ;R26R mice (n = 2) showed β-gal + cells constituting the pectoral girdle (E, level C in ) and in MCT fibroblasts (F-F’’, white arrowheads), but not in trapezius myofibres. acp, scapular acromion process; atp, acromiotrapezius; ccl, cucullaris anlage; ccp, scapular coracoid process; cl, clavicle; epm, epaxial musculature; hh, humeral head; lb, forelimb bud; lbm, limb muscle anlagen; LPM, lateral plate mesoderm; ltd, latissimus dorsi; PA1-6, pharyngeal arches 1–6; S3, somite 3; scp, scapular muscles; stm, sternocleidomastoid; stp, spinotrapezius. Scale bars: in A for A, B 500 µm; in C for C-D 2000 µm, for E 500 µm; in F’’ for F-F’’ 20 µm.

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , R26 tdTomato , PMID:20023653 , MGI:3809524 , Dr. Hongkui Zeng (Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA).

Techniques: Immunostaining, Derivative Assay, Muscles

Journal: eLife

Article Title: Unique morphogenetic signatures define mammalian neck muscles and associated connective tissues

doi: 10.7554/eLife.40179

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: Genetic reagent ( M. musculus ) , R26 tdTomato , PMID:20023653 , MGI:3809524 , Dr. Hongkui Zeng (Allen Institute for Brain Science, USA).

Techniques: Software, Electron Microscopy