Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Neuron-Derived Sema3B Facilitates Microglial Hematoma Clearance After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

doi: 10.3390/antiox15020220

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sema3B increases HO-1 and TREM2 expression in perihematomal brain tissue and microglia after ICH. ( A – C ) Immunoblotting showing relative HO-1 and TREM2 protein expression in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 4). ( D , E ) Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assessment of HO-1 and TREM2 transcript levels in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 3). ( F – H ) Protein analysis by Western blot for HO-1 and TREM2 in perihematomal tissue from ICH mice on post-ICH day 3 under the different treatments ( n = 4) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The antibodies used are as follows: Sema3B (1:2000, R&D Systems, USA), PlexinA1 (1:2000, Abcam, USA), Nrf2 (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), TREM2 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), HO-1 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD206 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD86 (1:2000, Abclonal, China), DAP12 (1:2000, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), and GAPDH (1:3000, Proteintech, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Neuron-Derived Sema3B Facilitates Microglial Hematoma Clearance After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

doi: 10.3390/antiox15020220

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sema3B upregulates HO-1 and TREM2 expression via Nrf2. ( A , B ) Immunoblotting for relative Nrf2 protein expression in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 3). ( C ) Quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assessment of relative Nrf2 transcript levels in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 3). ( D ) Confocal micrographs depicting Nrf2 expression in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 3; scale bar = 10 μm). ( E – G ) Protein analysis by Western blot for HO-1 and TREM2 in microglia under the different treatments ( n = 3) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: The antibodies used are as follows: Sema3B (1:2000, R&D Systems, USA), PlexinA1 (1:2000, Abcam, USA), Nrf2 (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), TREM2 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), HO-1 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD206 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD86 (1:2000, Abclonal, China), DAP12 (1:2000, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), and GAPDH (1:3000, Proteintech, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Antioxidants

Article Title: Neuron-Derived Sema3B Facilitates Microglial Hematoma Clearance After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

doi: 10.3390/antiox15020220

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sema3B promotes hematoma absorption after ICH by enhancing PlexinA1-mediated microglial phagocytic function. Exogenous supplementation of Sema3B binds to its receptor PlexinA1, activating the DAP12-dependent signaling pathway (Syk-PI3K-AKT-mTOR) and NRF2 in microglia, thereby increasing the expression of TREM2 and HO-1 to facilitate microglia-mediated hematoma clearance, while suppressing neuroinflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway and reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). This figure was drawn by Figdraw.

Article Snippet: The antibodies used are as follows: Sema3B (1:2000, R&D Systems, USA), PlexinA1 (1:2000, Abcam, USA), Nrf2 (1:2000, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), TREM2 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), HO-1 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-PI3K (1:2000, Proteintech, China), AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-AKT (1:2000, Proteintech, China), SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-SYK (1:2000, Proteintech, China), mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-mTOR (1:2000, Proteintech, China), p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-p65 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), phospho-IκB-α (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD206 (1:2000, Proteintech, China), CD86 (1:2000, Abclonal, China), DAP12 (1:2000, CST, Danvers, MA, USA), and GAPDH (1:3000, Proteintech, China).

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Hyodeoxycholic acid relieves neuropathic pain by activating farnesoid X receptor signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: HDCA alleviates neuropathic pain and enhances intestinal barrier function. (A) The concentration of total bile acids in fecal samples (n = 6). (B) The expression of HDCA in fecal samples (n = 6). (C) Schedule for the management of HDCA. (D, E) PWT and PWL of mice following HDCA treatment (n = 6). Representative immunoblots (F) and relative expression levels of FXR mRNA (G) and FXR protein (H). (I) Immunohistochemical staining of FXR + cells and Alcian Blue staining in the distal ileum (scale bar, 100 μm, n = 6). (J) Quantitative analysis of FXR + cells. The relative expression levels of ZO-1 (K), occludin (L) and claudin-1 (M) protein in distal ileum (n = 3). (N) Representative immunoblots and relative expression levels of Mucin-2 (P) (n = 3). (O) Quantitative analysis levels of the number of goblet cells in the distal ileum (n = 6). (Q, R) Immunofluorescence staining and mean fluorescence intensity of Mucin-2 (scale, 100 μm, n = 3). (S) Transmission electron microscopy examination of the distal ileum. (scale, 1.0 μm). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 by unpaired Student's t‐test (A and B). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 *** P < 0.001, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 by Two-way repeated ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni’s test (D and E), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 by One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test (G, H, J–M, O–Q). Data is presented as mean ± SEM. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Membranes were blocked using 5 % skim milk at room temperature for 1 h and subsequently incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies against FXR (1:1000, Immunoway, YN2161), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (1:1000, Affinity, AF5145), Mucin-2 (1:1000, Abcam, ab272692), occludin (1:1000, Proteintech, 27260–1-AP), claudin-1 (1:1000, WL, WL03073), MMP-2 (1:1000, Immunoway, YT2798), MMP-9 (1:1000, Immunoway, YT1892), PPAR-γ (1:1000, Proteintech, 16643-1-AP), NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) (1:1000, Immunoway, YT5382), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (1:1000, WL, WL02841), IL-18 (1:1000, WL, WL01127), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (1:1000, WL, WL01581), IL-10 (1:1000, WL, WL03088), FGF15 (1:500, Santacruz, sc-514647), TGR5 (1:1000, Abcam, ab72608), BSEP (1:1000, Abcam, ab155421), CYP7α1 (1:1000, Abcam, ab65596) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:5000, Proteintech, 60004-1-Ig).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Engineered exosome nanovesicles for delivery of antibodies to treat inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69382-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: The preparation of PrEXO-a23 and its experimental design for addressing immune dysregulation to ameliorate IBD and decrease the risk of complications, such as intestinal fibrosis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The action of PrEXO-a23 in preventing IBD-to-CAC progression is partially dependent on p53. Treg: regulatory T cells, rEXO: Treg-derived exosomes, PMV: platelet membrane vesicles, a23: interleukin-23 antibodies, MMP: matrix metalloproteinase, mDC: mature dendritic cells, tDC: tolerogenic dendritic cells, Th17: T-helper 17 cells.

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse CD86, IL-17A and p53 were purchased from Proteintech.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Membrane

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Engineered exosome nanovesicles for delivery of antibodies to treat inflammatory bowel disease

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-69382-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , b During the treatment of AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice with PrEXO-a23 or PrEXO-a23 and the p53 inhibitor (ip53), body weight ( a ) and DAI score ( b ) of mice were monitored daily. c spleen index analysis of mice. d – g Colon photographs ( d ), colon length ( e ), tumor number ( f ), tumor burden ( g ) of CAC mice at week 10. h Relative mRNA expression levels of Trp53 , Cdkn1a and Bax in colonic tissues of CAC mice with indicated treatment measured by RT-qPCR assay. i , j Western blot images ( i ) and relative protein level analysis ( j ) of p53, p21, and Bax expressed in colonic tissues. For ( a – c , e – h , j ), data were presented as mean ± SD ( n = 4 mice in a – c , e – g ; n = 5 mice in h ; n = 3 mice in j ). For ( c , e – h , j ), statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

Article Snippet: Anti-mouse CD86, IL-17A and p53 were purchased from Proteintech.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Dietary Stearic Acid Accelerates Intestinal Tumorigenesis via Fatty Acid-binding Protein 5 Without Promoting Obesity

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2026.101740

Figure Lengend Snippet: An SA-HFD promotes Paneth cell differentiation and epithelial cell proliferation and turnover. ( A ) Representative fluorescent images of the jejunum from Lgr5-EGFP reporter mice ( upper left panels ) fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks are shown. The number of EGFP+ cells per crypt is quantified in the upper right panel . Representative fluorescent images of the jejunum from Bmi1-GFP reporter mice ( middle left panels ) fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks are also shown, with quantification of GFP+ cells per crypt in the middle right panel . In the left lower panels , formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded jejunal sections from C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks were stained with anti-lysozyme C. Positive areas per crypt were quantified using ImageJ. The data represent the average counts in 8 to 15 crypts from individual mice (n = 4–7). The scale bars represent 10 μm. ( B ) Relative mRNA expression of intestinal stem cell marker genes ( upper ) and Wnt target genes ( lower ) in epithelial cells isolated from the jejunum of C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks (each group, n = 8). ( C ) Representative fluorescent images of jejunal sections stained with anti-mucin 2 ( upper left panels ), anti-Chr-A ( middle left panels ), or anti-Dclk1 ( lower left panels ) are presented. Jejunal tissues were collected from C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks. The numbers of mucin 2+ cells ( upper right panel ) and Dclk1+ cells ( lower right panel ), and the area of Chr-A+ cells ( middle right panel ) per crypt were quantified (n = 4). Scale bars represent 50 μm. ( D ) Representative images of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the jejunum stained with anti-Ki67. The jejunum was obtained from C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 days to 4 weeks ( left panels ). The number of Ki67+ cells per crypt were counted ( right ). The data represent the average counts in 8 to 15 crypts from individual mice (n = 4). The scale bars represent 20 μm. ( E ) Representative fluorescent images of jejunal sections stained with anti-Ki67 ( left panels ). The jejunum was obtained from female C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks. The number of Ki67+ cells per crypt were counted ( right panels ; n = 5). Scale bars represent 20 μm. ( F ) Representative fluorescent images of colon sections stained with anti-Ki67 ( left panels ). The colon was obtained from C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks. The number of Ki67+ cells per crypt were counted ( right panels ; n = 4). Scale bars represent 20 μm. ( G ) Representative fluorescent images of jejunal sections stained with anti-Ki67 ( left panels ). The jejunum was obtained from 50-week-old C57BL/6 mice fed the CD, LA-HFD, or SA-HFD for 2 weeks. The number of Ki67+ cells per crypt was counted ( right panels ; n = 4). Scale bars represent 20 μm. ( H ) Representative fluorescent images of the jejunum from mice intraperitoneally injected with BrdU ( green ) 48 hours before dissection followed by EdU ( red ) administration 18 hours before dissection ( left panels ). Cell migration rates were assessed by the distance between BrdU-labeled cells and EdU-labeled cells. The data represent the average length of 15 to 20 villi from individual mice divided by the interval between injections (each group; n = 4). The scale bars represent 100 μm. The data represent the mean ± SEM. ∗ P < .05; ∗∗ P < .01; ∗∗∗ P < .001.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used in this study included Ki67 (GeneTex, #GTX16667), Lysozyme C (Santa Cruz, #sc-27958), FABP5 (R&D System, #AF1476), Chr-A (Santa Cruz, #sc-393941), Mucin-2 (SantaCruz, #sc-15334), DCAMKL1 (Abgent, #Ap7219b), CD44 (Biolegend, #103002), L-FABP (SantaCruz, #sc-374537), intestinal FABP (MyBioSource, #MBS178443), FABP6 (Proteintech, #13781-1-AP), Fgfbp1 (Proteintech, #25006-1-AP), and Msi-1 (eBioscience, #14-9896-82).

Techniques: Cell Differentiation, Formalin-fixed Paraffin-Embedded, Staining, Expressing, Marker, Isolation, Injection, Dissection, Migration, Labeling