Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: ABA Speeds Up the Progress of Color in Developing F. chiloensis Fruit through the Activation of PAL , CHS and ANS , Key Genes of the Phenylpropanoid/Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pathways

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073854

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression level of phenylpropanoid pathway genes during development of F. chiloensis fruit and in response to ABA treatment. In the short-term treatment, fruit at C2 stage was immersed in 1 mM ABA or 100 µM Fluridon (FLD). In the long-term treatment the pedicel of the fruit submerged in 1 mM ABA or only buffer. Changes in the expression level of each gene during fruit development are shown on the left-hand side of the figure; in the center the effect of ABA/Fluridon in the short-term treatment; on the right-hand side the effect of ABA in the long-term treatment. The expression level of genes from the first portion of the phenylpropanoid pathway was determined through qPCR analysis: FcPAL2 , phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 2 ( A – C ); FcPAL4 , phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 4 ( D – F ); FcC4H , trans-cinnamate 4-hydroxylase 1 ( G – I ); Fc4CL , 4-coumarate-CoA ligase ( J – L ). In expression analysis during development progress of F. chiloensis, different letters indicate significant differences between fruit stages (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). In ABA short-term treatments, asterisks or circles indicate significant differences compared to time 0 for each hormone/inhibitor treatment (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). For ABA long-term treatment, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01), different letters indicate significant differences between days of ABA treatment, and bars with asterisks indicate significant difference between days of control group; two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction post hoc test was used.

Article Snippet: Fruit at the C2 stage (medium size fruit with green receptacle and red achenes) was submerged into 1 mM abscisic acid (ABA, PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) or 100 μM Fluridon (PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) following the procedure recently described [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: ABA Speeds Up the Progress of Color in Developing F. chiloensis Fruit through the Activation of PAL , CHS and ANS , Key Genes of the Phenylpropanoid/Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pathways

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073854

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression level of the genes from the final portion of the flavonoid pathway and anthocyanin pathway during development of F. chiloensis fruit and in response to ABA treatment. Fruit at C2 stage was immersed in 1 mM ABA or 100 µM Fluridon (short-term treatment) or fruit pedicel was submerged in 1 mM ABA or only buffer (longer-time treatment). Changes in the expression level of each gene during fruit development are shown on the left-hand side of the figure; in the center the effect of ABA/FLD in the short-term treatment; on the right-hand side the effect of ABA in the long-term treatment. The expression level of genes of the flavonoid pathway was determined through qPCR analysis: FcDFR1 , Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase 1 ( A – C ); FcANS , Anthocyanidin synthase ( D – F ); FcUFGT , UDP-glucose flavonoid 3-O glucosyltransferase ( G – I ). In expression analysis during development progress of F. chiloensis, different letters indicate significant differences between fruit stages (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). In ABA short-term treatments, asterisks or circles indicate significant differences compared to time 0 for each hormone/inhibitor treatment (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). For ABA long-term treatment, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments (* p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001), different letters indicate significant differences between days of ABA treatment, and bars with asterisks indicate significant difference between days of control group; two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction post hoc test was used.

Article Snippet: Fruit at the C2 stage (medium size fruit with green receptacle and red achenes) was submerged into 1 mM abscisic acid (ABA, PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) or 100 μM Fluridon (PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) following the procedure recently described [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: ABA Speeds Up the Progress of Color in Developing F. chiloensis Fruit through the Activation of PAL , CHS and ANS , Key Genes of the Phenylpropanoid/Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pathways

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073854

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression level of genes converting intermediates of the flavonoid pathway during development of F. chiloensis fruit and in response to ABA treatment. Fruit at C2 stage was immersed in 1 mM ABA or 100 µM Fluridon (short-term treatment) or fruit pedicel was submerged in 1 mM ABA or only buffer (longer-time treatment). Changes in the expression level of each gene during fruit development are shown on the left-hand side of the figure; in the center the effect of ABA/FLD in the short-term treatment; on the right-hand side the effect of ABA in the long-term treatment. The expression level of genes of the flavonoid pathway was determined through qPCR analysis: FcFLS , flavonol synthase ( A – C ); FcLAR , Leucoanthocyanidin reductase ( D – F ); FcANR , anthocyanidin reductase ( G – I ). In expression analysis during development progress of F. chiloensis, different letters indicate significant differences between fruit stages (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). In ABA short-term treatments, asterisks or circles indicate significant differences compared to time 0 for each hormone/inhibitor treatment (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). For ABA long-term treatment, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01), and bars with asterisks indicate significant difference between days of control group; two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction post hoc test was used.

Article Snippet: Fruit at the C2 stage (medium size fruit with green receptacle and red achenes) was submerged into 1 mM abscisic acid (ABA, PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) or 100 μM Fluridon (PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) following the procedure recently described [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: ABA Speeds Up the Progress of Color in Developing F. chiloensis Fruit through the Activation of PAL , CHS and ANS , Key Genes of the Phenylpropanoid/Flavonoid and Anthocyanin Pathways

doi: 10.3390/ijms23073854

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression level of FcMYB1 TF gene during development of F. chiloensis fruit and in response to ABA treatment . Fruit at C2 stage was immersed in 1 mM ABA or 100 µM Fluridon (short-term treatment) or fruit pedicel was submerged in 1 mM ABA or only buffer (long-term treatment). ( A ) Expression level of FcMYB1 during development and ripening of the fruit. ( B ) Changes in the expression level of FcMYB1 in response to ABA and FLD during 24 h of treatment. ( C ) Changes in the expression level of FcMYB1 in response to ABA during 4 days of treatment. In expression analysis during development progress of F. chiloensis, different letters indicate significant differences between fruit stages (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). In ABA short-term treatments, asterisks or circles indicate significant differences compared to time 0 for each hormone/inhibitor treatment (** p < 0.01; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction post hoc). For ABA long-term treatment, asterisks indicate significant differences between treatments, different letters indicate significant differences between days of ABA treatment, and bars with asterisks indicate significant difference between days of control group; two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction post hoc test was used.

Article Snippet: Fruit at the C2 stage (medium size fruit with green receptacle and red achenes) was submerged into 1 mM abscisic acid (ABA, PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) or 100 μM Fluridon (PhytoTechnology Laboratories, Lenexa, KS, USA) following the procedure recently described [ ].

Techniques: Expressing, Control