Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: Preservation of Retina Ganglion Cell Function by Morphine in a Chronic Ocular-Hypertensive Rat Model

doi: 10.1167/iovs.12-9467

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Fluorescence micrographs of flat-mounted retinas depicting fluorogold-labeled RGCs in normal (a), ocular-hypertensive, (b), morphine-treated normal (c), and morphine-treated ocular-hypertensive (d) eyes. After 7 weeks of ocular hypertension, 3 μL of a 5% solution of fluorogold was injected into the superior colliculus of anesthetized animals. Seven days post injection, animals were euthanized, eyes were enucleated and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours at 4°C. Retinas were prepared as flat-mounts, with the vitreous side up. Fluorogold RGCs were visualized under Zeiss microscopy (Thornwood, NY). Bar = 20 μm. (B) Rats were divided into two groups: ocular-hypertensive group (n = 5); and morphine-treated ocular-hypertensive group (n = 6). RGCs were counted in 8 microscopic fields of identical size (150 μm2 area) for each eye using Scion image analysis software. *P < 0.05; n = 5–6.

Article Snippet: Fluorogold RGCs were visualized under Zeiss microscopy (Thornwood, NY).

Techniques: Fluorescence, Labeling, Injection, Microscopy, Software

Journal: Sexual Medicine

Article Title: Cavernous Branched Nerve Regeneration Using Non-Tubular Artificial Nerve Sheets Using Freeze-Dried Alginate Gel Combined With Polyglycolic Acid Mesh in a Rat Model

doi: 10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100308

Figure Lengend Snippet: FG imaging of the pelvic ganglia in each group. The rats at 56 or 57 days after operation were anesthetized, and a retrograde neural tracer FluoroGold (FG) (Fluorochrome) was bilaterally injected (4%, 5 μL each) into each penile crus. A, sham group, B, excision group, C, ALG group. 7-0 Nylon suturing was placed proximal and distal of the main pelvic ganglia in the 2 surgical groups. The white circles indicated the area of the major pelvic ganglia.

Article Snippet: In experiment 3, the rats at 56 or 57 days after operation were anesthetized, and a retrograde neural tracer FluoroGold (FG) (Fluorochrome, FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was bilaterally injected (4%, 5 μL each) into each penile crus using a 30 G needle.

Techniques: Imaging, Injection

Journal: Brain Structure & Function

Article Title: Structure and function of the amygdaloid NPY system: NPY Y2 receptors regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the centromedial amygdala

doi: 10.1007/s00429-015-1107-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Verification of the injection site for the retrograde tracer Fluorogold in BNST and CEA injected mice. a Atlas image depicting the injection site for the CEA, b NPY-GFP fluorescence in the CEA, c FG fluorescence and d overlay showing the injection site of the retrograde neuronal tract tracer Fluorogold in a coronal section of an NPY-GFP mouse brain. e Atlas image depicting the injection site for FG in the BNST, f NPY-GFP endogenous fluorescence, g FG fluorescence and h overlay depicting the injection site in the BNST in a coronal section of an NPY-GFP mouse brain. Scale bar 100 µm. Arrows indicate injection site

Article Snippet: Arrows indicate injection site Fig. 8 Neuronal tract tracing of NPY-expressing neurons in the central extended amygdala. a Injection of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold ( FG ) into the centromedial amygdala ( CEm ). b – d Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and the retrograde neuronal tracer FG in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) demonstrating that NPY-positive neurons are projecting from the BNST to the CEm. e Higher magnification image of dual-labeled cells expressing NPY-GFP and FG ( white arrows ) in the BNST. f Injection of the retrograde tracer FG into the BNST of NPY-GFP mice and g – i dual immunohistochemistry of NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm, demonstrating that NPY-GFP neurons project from the CEm to the BNST. j Higher magnification of a dual-labeled cell for NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm. k – m Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and FG in the stria terminalis ( st ), illustrating the presence of NPY neurons in the medial pocket of the st that are targeting the BNST. n Higher magnification image of a dual-labeled cell expressing NPY-GFP and FG in the st. BNST-AL anterior lateral region of the BNST.

Techniques: Injection, Fluorescence

Journal: Brain Structure & Function

Article Title: Structure and function of the amygdaloid NPY system: NPY Y2 receptors regulate excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the centromedial amygdala

doi: 10.1007/s00429-015-1107-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuronal tract tracing of NPY-expressing neurons in the central extended amygdala. a Injection of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold ( FG ) into the centromedial amygdala ( CEm ). b – d Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and the retrograde neuronal tracer FG in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) demonstrating that NPY-positive neurons are projecting from the BNST to the CEm. e Higher magnification image of dual-labeled cells expressing NPY-GFP and FG ( white arrows ) in the BNST. f Injection of the retrograde tracer FG into the BNST of NPY-GFP mice and g – i dual immunohistochemistry of NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm, demonstrating that NPY-GFP neurons project from the CEm to the BNST. j Higher magnification of a dual-labeled cell for NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm. k – m Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and FG in the stria terminalis ( st ), illustrating the presence of NPY neurons in the medial pocket of the st that are targeting the BNST. n Higher magnification image of a dual-labeled cell expressing NPY-GFP and FG in the st. BNST-AL anterior lateral region of the BNST. Scale bars b – d , g – i , k – m 100 µm and in j for e , j , n 20 µm

Article Snippet: Arrows indicate injection site Fig. 8 Neuronal tract tracing of NPY-expressing neurons in the central extended amygdala. a Injection of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold ( FG ) into the centromedial amygdala ( CEm ). b – d Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and the retrograde neuronal tracer FG in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) demonstrating that NPY-positive neurons are projecting from the BNST to the CEm. e Higher magnification image of dual-labeled cells expressing NPY-GFP and FG ( white arrows ) in the BNST. f Injection of the retrograde tracer FG into the BNST of NPY-GFP mice and g – i dual immunohistochemistry of NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm, demonstrating that NPY-GFP neurons project from the CEm to the BNST. j Higher magnification of a dual-labeled cell for NPY-GFP and FG in the CEm. k – m Dual immunofluorescence of NPY-GFP and FG in the stria terminalis ( st ), illustrating the presence of NPY neurons in the medial pocket of the st that are targeting the BNST. n Higher magnification image of a dual-labeled cell expressing NPY-GFP and FG in the st. BNST-AL anterior lateral region of the BNST.

Techniques: Expressing, Injection, Immunofluorescence, Labeling, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Neural Regeneration Research

Article Title: Repairing whole facial nerve defects with xenogeneic acellular nerve grafts in rhesus monkeys

doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.324853

Figure Lengend Snippet: Morphological assessment at 8 months postoperatively . The Retrograde Labeling Test (original magnification, 400×; A, B) revealed FluoroGold-labeled neurons with multipolar dendrites in the facial nerve nuclei. Hematoxylin-eosin staining (original magnification, 200×; C, D) and S100 immunohistochemical staining (original magnification, 200×; E, F) showed the regenerated nerve fibers, and S100-positive Schwann cells and myelin sheaths were densely clustered, with different sizes, in the transverse section. Transmission electron micrographs (original magnification, 1200×; G, H) showed that most myelin sheaths were arranged in the mature and uniform lamellar pattern, and that the Schwann cells had perfect basement membranes. Synaptophysin immunohistochemical staining (original magnification, 200×; I, J) of the orbicularis oris muscle showed that some motor endplates were reinnervated in the muscle. (A, C, E, G, I) The autograft group; (B, D, F, H, J) the xenogeneic acellular nerve graft group.

Article Snippet: Immediately after electrophysiological monitoring at 8 months postoperatively, 15 μL of 5% FluoroGold solution (F4040, US EVERBRIGHT®INC., Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China) was injected at multiple points into the buccal division of the facial nerve, distal to the nerve graft.

Techniques: Labeling, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Transmission Assay

Journal: Neuroscience

Article Title: Spinally projecting preproglucagon axons preferentially innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used

Article Snippet: Fluorogold (FG) , Glutaraldehyde conjugate of Fluorogold , Protos Biotech Corporation (New York, NY, USA), guinea-pig polyclonal, catalog # NM-01; no lot number provided , 1:2,000 1:20,000 1:50,000 .

Techniques: Recombinant, Sequencing

Journal: Neuroscience

Article Title: Spinally projecting preproglucagon axons preferentially innervate sympathetic preganglionic neurons

doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.10.043

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibodies used

Article Snippet: Fluorogold (FG) , Glutaraldehyde conjugate of Fluorogold , Protos Biotech Corporation (New York, NY, USA), guinea-pig polyclonal, catalog # NM-01; no lot number provided , 1:2,000 1:20,000 1:50,000 .

Techniques: Recombinant, Sequencing