Journal: BMC Clinical Pathology

Article Title: Diagnostic accuracy of monoclonal antibody based serum immunoglobulin free light chain immunoassays in myeloma cast nephropathy

doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-12

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of established (Freelite) and novel (Siemens) serum free light chain assays in patients with multiple myeloma and acute kidney injury. The new serum FLC assays did not identify nephrotoxic levels of monoclonal FLCs in 18% of patients studied ( A ), largely this can be explained by the poor performance of the lambda assay ( B ). In comparison the correlation of the kappa assays was reasonable ( C ).

Article Snippet: Serum κ and λ FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry, on a Dade-Behring BNTMII Analyser, using particle-enhanced, high-specificity, homogeneous immunoassays (FreeliteTM, The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK [ ] and N-Latex FLC, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Products GmBh, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: BMC Clinical Pathology

Article Title: Diagnostic accuracy of monoclonal antibody based serum immunoglobulin free light chain immunoassays in myeloma cast nephropathy

doi: 10.1186/1472-6890-12-12

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary for comparison of diagnostic accuracies between the two free light chain assays in patients with multiple myeloma and acute kidney injury

Article Snippet: Serum κ and λ FLC concentrations were measured by nephelometry, on a Dade-Behring BNTMII Analyser, using particle-enhanced, high-specificity, homogeneous immunoassays (FreeliteTM, The Binding Site Group Ltd, Birmingham, UK [ ] and N-Latex FLC, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic Products GmBh, Germany).

Techniques: Comparison, Diagnostic Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total FLC (A), λFLC (B) and κFLC (C) levels in SLE patients (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 40) measured by quantitative nephelometry. SLE patients suffering from renal insufficiency (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m 2 ) were excluded. Middle horizontal bars represent median and statistical significant differences are indicated with *, ** or *** for p-values less than 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. p-values for comparison of FLC levels in SLE patients and healthy controls are <0.0001. Maximum and minimum values of the normal ranges of λFLCs and κFLCs are indicated on the y-axis as dotted lines. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between SLEDAI scores and total FLC (A), λFLC (B) and κFLC (C) levels in SLE patients (n = 45). r-values are 0.399 (p = 0.007), 0.413 (p = 0.005) and 0.317 (p = 0.034) in A, B and C, respectively. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI—SLE disease activity index.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between anti-dsDNA titer (U/ml) and total FLC (A), λFLC (B) and κFLC (C) levels in SLE patients (n = 45). r-values are 0.383 (p = 0.009), 0.369 (p = 0.013) and 0.401 (p = 0.006) in A, B and C, respectively. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus, dsDNA—double stranded DNA.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between SLEDAI scores and total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels in anti-dsDNA positive SLE patients (A) (n = 21) and in anti-dsDNA negative SLE patients (B) (n = 24). A: Anti-dsDNA positive SLE patients . r-values are 0.498 (p = 0.022), 0.555 (p = 0.009) and 0.458 (p = 0.037) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. B: Anti-dsDNA negative SLE patients . r-values are 0.105 (p = 0.626), 0.159 (p = 0.458) and 0.030 (p = 0.888) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI—SLE disease activity index.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between total immunoglobulin levels and total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels in SLE patients (A) (n = 45) and healthy controls (B) (n = 40) A: SLE patients . r-values are 0.345 (p = 0.021), 0.499 (p = 0.0005) and -0.127 (p = 0.406) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. B: Healthy controls . r-values are 0.301 (p = 0.059), 0.377 (p = 0.016) and -0.268 (p = 0.094) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Total FLC levels in SLE patients with low (n = 23)/normal (n = 22) C3 levels (A) (p = 0.073) and in SLE patients with low (n = 30)/normal (n = 15) C4 levels (B) (p = 0.030). Middle horizontal bars represent median and statistical significant differences are indicated with *, ** or *** for p-values less than 0.05, 0.01 or 0.001. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Elevated Concentrations of Serum Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients in Relation to Disease Activity, Inflammatory Status, B Cell Activity and Epstein-Barr Virus Antibodies

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138753

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlation between SLEDAI scores and total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels in high CRP SLE patients (A) (n = 30) and in low CRP SLE patients (B) (n = 15). A: High CRP SLE patients . r-values are 0.506 (p = 0.004), 0.500 (p = 0.005) and 0.453 (p = 0.012) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. B: Low CRP SLE patients . r-values are 0.246 (p = 0.378), 0.393 (p = 0.148) and -0.056 (p = 0.844) regarding total FLC, λFLC and κFLC levels, respectively. FLCs—free light chains, SLE—systemic lupus erythematosus, SLEDAI—SLE disease activity index, CRP—C-reactive protein.

Article Snippet: Total serum IgG, IgA and IgM concentrations were quantified by nephelometric test kits (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) and serum FLC concentrations were measured by the use of N Latex FLC kappa and N Latex FLC lambda kit (Siemens Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Passing–Bablok ( a ) and Bland–Altman ( b ) analyses were performed using 187 serum samples from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM, n = 33), light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM, n = 8) or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n = 6). Shown are the results for the determination of κ and λ FLC and κ/λ ratio determined by N Latex FLC and Freelite. Bland–Altman plots reveal agreement between N Latex FLC and Freelite. A positive bias indicates higher values for the determination of FLC by Freelite compared with N Latex FLC. For a better representation of FLC results, two samples with extreme κ FLC results were not shown (sample 1: κ FLC results of Freelite: 14500 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 11200 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 3456 mg/l; sample 2: κ FLC results of Freelite: 31800 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 5880 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 6093 mg/l).

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concordance of FLC measurements.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: The results of κ and λ FLC and κ/λ ratio determination by Sebia FLC are compared with N Latex FLC and Freelite results using 187 serum samples from patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed multiple myeloma (MM, n = 33), light-chain multiple myeloma (LCMM, n = 8), or smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM, n = 6). Shown are the results of Passing–Bablok ( a ) and Bland–Altman ( b ) analyses. Bland–Altman plots indicate agreement between FLC assays. A positive bias indicates higher values for determination of FLC by Freelite or N Latex FLC compared with Sebia FLC. For a better representation of FLC results, four samples with extreme κ FLC results or κ/λ ratios were not shown (sample 1: κ FLC results of Freelite: 14,500 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 11,200 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 3456 mg/l; sample 2: κ FLC results of Freelite: 31,800 mg/l, N Latex FLC: 5880 mg/l, Sebia FLC: 6093 mg/l; sample 3: κ/λ ratios of Freelite: 62,281, N Latex FLC: 727, Sebia FLC: 214; sample 4: κ/λ ratios of Freelite: 27146, N Latex FLC: 605, Sebia FLC: 406).

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concordance of iFLC/niFLC.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proposed thresholds for equivalent iFLC/niFLC ratios between different FLC assays.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques:

Journal: Blood Cancer Journal

Article Title: Comparison of three different serum-free light-chain assays—implications on diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring of multiple myeloma

doi: 10.1038/s41408-019-0267-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Shown are λ FLC concentrations measured by Freelite, N Latex FLC, and Sebia FLC in clinical course of patients with clinically leading λ LCMM at indicated time points (tp). Patient MM47 represents a clinical course with partial response under initiated therapy resulting in a later documented progressive disease (measured by Freelite). Sebia FLC measurements, which were only accessible for time points 2–4, showed a markedly lower λ FLC. N Latex FLC results did not detect pathological λ FLC concentrations. Patient MM02 represents clinical stable disease after the first follow-up (measured by Freelite). λ FLC determination by Sebia FLC or N Latex FLC at diagnosis with response assessment with Freelite at tp1 might have lead to the wrong conclusion of progressive disease (indicated by arrow). Finding of markedly higher values can be observed also the other way around: in patient MM23, Sebia FLC detected markedly higher λ FLC values compared with Freelite and N Latex FLC.

Article Snippet: Furthermore, differences between Sebia FLC and Freelite results were also calculated for κ FLC (bias = 15.5%), λ FLC (bias = −24.4%), and κ/λ ratios (bias = 33.4%).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: First clinical case: ( A ) Agarose gel electrophoresis of serum proteins, performed with semi-automatic analyzer Hydrasys 2 (Sebia), shows a normal profile; ( B ) High resolution electrophoresis performed on agarose gel in urine (U) and serum (S) samples of patient. In both matrices M-proteins were detected; ( C , D ) Immunofixation of serum ( C ) and urine ( D ). The figures show two monoclonal λ-free light chains proteins. ELP: fixative for electrophoretically separated proteins; G: IFE with antiserum anti-γ; A: with antiserum anti-α; M: with antiserum anti-μ; K: with antiserum anti-κ; L: with antiserum anti-λ.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Electrophoresis

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: The measurement of sFLC using N-Latex FLC and Freelite™ on serum in the three clinical case.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Analytical Criticalities Associated to Different Immunological Methods for Serum Free Light Chain Detection in Plasma Cell Dyscrasias: A Description of Particular Clinical Cases

doi: 10.3390/ijms18040804

Figure Lengend Snippet: First clinical case: ( A ) Serum immunofixation of patients with anti-IgD, anti-IgE, and anti-λ free light chains antisera, which confirms the presence of an M-protein consisting of free light chains λ. EP: electrophoretic migration; IgD: IFE with antiserum δ; IgE: IFE with antiserum ε; Ktot: IFE with antiserum anti-κ; λ tot: IFE with anti-λ antiserum; λ free: IFE with specific antiserum anti-λ free; ( B ) Immunoblotting of serum (S) and urine (U) of the patient. The monoclonal protein is evident in both biological matrices; ( C ) SDS-PAGE is used for the separation of proteins based on their molecular weight. The bands are recovered after electrophoresis on agarose gel high-resolution. The figure shows the presence of proteins with MW of 22,000 and 44,000 Da, corresponding to monomers and dimers of λ free light chains. M: proteins PM-known index; Ctrl: control serum of patient with known monoclonal protein λ free light chain; U: urine of patient; S: serum of patient.

Article Snippet: Currently available methods for sFLC quantification are the FreeliteTM assay (The Binding Site) and the N-Latex FLC (Siemens) [ , , ].

Techniques: Migration, Western Blot, SDS Page, Molecular Weight, Electrophoresis, Agarose Gel Electrophoresis, Control