Journal: Genes

Article Title: Transcriptome Analysis of Post-Mortem Brain Tissue Reveals Up-Regulation of the Complement Cascade in a Subgroup of Schizophrenia Patients

doi: 10.3390/genes12081242

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summarized relative expression of complement genes in patients and controls. The plot is based on the significant differentially expressed complement factors C1R , C1S , C7 , FCN3 and SERPING1 . The plot shows a clustering of patients among the individuals with the highest complement expression. The bottom row shows which of the three subclusters each sample belongs to. Cluster high (orange) includes most of the samples with high complement gene expression, as compared to cluster median (yellow) and cluster low (blue). The row above shows which samples correspond to affected (brown) and unaffected (green) individuals.

Article Snippet: The genes were C1R (Hs00357637_m1), C1RL (Hs00213057_m1), C1S (Hs00156159_m1), C4 (Hs00246758_m1), C7 (Hs00940408_m1), CFB (Hs00156060_m1), CFI (Hs00989715_m1) and FCN3 (Hs00892390_m1).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low FCN3 expression in HCC affected Treg cell activation. ( A ) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showing the correlation between FCN3 levels and overall survival of HCC patients. ( B - D ) qRT-PCR, WB and IHC analysis of FCN3 expression in tumor ( T ) and adjacent non-tumor ( N ) tissues from HCC patients. ( E - F ) The levels of FCN3 in normal hepatocyte THLE-2 and HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, HCC-LM3) were assessed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( G - H ) qRT-PCR and WB analysis demonstrating the mRNA and protein levels of Treg cell markers FOXP3 and CD25 in clinical samples. ( I ) ELISA quantification of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( J - K ) The levels of FOXP3 and CD25 in PBMCs co-cultured with FCN3-knockdown or FCN3-overexpressing HCC cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB. ( L ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cell proportion in PBMCs within the co-culture systems. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ sh-NC/ OE-NC

Article Snippet: After peroxidase blocking, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against FCN3 (#11867-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China) or STT3A (#12034-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech) at 37 °C for 30 min.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Knockdown, Flow Cytometry, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: FCN3 regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to influence Treg activation. ( A - B ) qRT-PCR and WB analysis of APC and β-catenin in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( C ) Clinical sample IF staining showing β-catenin expression and localization with DAPI nuclear counterstain. ( D - E ) The levels of APC and β-catenin in HCC cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( F - G ) qRT-PCR and WB evaluation of APC and β-catenin in Hep3B cells treated with OE-NC, OE-FCN3, OE-FCN3 + DMSO, or OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 (β-catenin activator). ( H ) The levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatant of each group were examined by ELISA. ( I - M ) Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays evaluating the effect of OE-FCN3 and OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis of Hep3B cells. ( N ) Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effects of OE-FCN3 and OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 treatment in Hep3B cells on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ OE-NC/ OE-FCN3 + DMSO

Article Snippet: After peroxidase blocking, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against FCN3 (#11867-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China) or STT3A (#12034-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech) at 37 °C for 30 min.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Expressing, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Migration

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhanced N-glycosylation of FCN3 in HCC. ( A ) Protein-protein interaction network obtained from BioGRID Database exhibited the connection between FCN3 and glycosylation-related proteins. ( B ) WB assay confirmed FCN3 band shift in HCC cell lysates, showing FCN3 galactosylated modification. ( C ) WB analysis of HCC cell lysates treated with PNGase F or O-Glycanase was performed to verify that FCN3 glycosylation was N-linked rather than O-linked. ( D ) FCN3 band shift in Hep3B cells treated with TM or DMSO was analyzed by WB. ( E ) WB analysis of FCN3 protein was performed in FCN3-knockdown HCC cells transfected with either Vector, FCN3-WT, or FCN3-N189Q. ( F - G ) IF staining and ELISA quantification showed the effects of the Asn189 mutation on FCN3 intracellular levels and its secretion into the culture supernatant, respectively

Article Snippet: After peroxidase blocking, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against FCN3 (#11867-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China) or STT3A (#12034-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech) at 37 °C for 30 min.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Modification, Knockdown, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: N-glycosylated FCN3 influenced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Treg activation. ( A ) qRT-PCR analysis of APC and β-catenin mRNA levels in Hep3B cells transfected with FCN3-WT or FCN3-N189Q. ( B ) WB analysis showing the levels of APC, β-catenin, and p-β-catenin. ( C ) Subcellular localization of β-catenin was analyzed by WB. ( D ) ELISA was conducted to assess the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatant of Hep3B cells transfected with FCN3-WT or FCN3-N189Q. ( E - K ) The effects of FCN3 glycosylation on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis in Hep3B cells were respectively evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. ( L ) Flow cytometry demonstrating the impact of FCN3 glycosylation on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. FCN3-WT

Article Snippet: After peroxidase blocking, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against FCN3 (#11867-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China) or STT3A (#12034-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech) at 37 °C for 30 min.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Glycoproteomics, Migration, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: STT3A involved in HCC progression via promoting FCN3 N-glycosylation. ( A ) Bioinformatics analysis revealing STT3A expression in normal and HCC liver tissues. ( B - D ) qRT-PCR, WB and IHC assays were performed to assess STT3A levels in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( E - F ) The mRNA and protein levels of STT3A in normal hepatocyte and HCC cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( G ) Correlation analysis between STT3A protein expression and FCN3 protein expression in tumor tissues from HCC patients. ( H ) Co-IP assay verified STT3A-FCN3 interaction. ( I ) WB analysis of FCN3 glycosylation in Hep3B cells transfected with sh-STT3A or sh-NC. ( J - K ) The effects of sh-STT3A on the expression of APC and β-catenin in Hep3B cells were examined by qRT-PCR and WB. ( L ) ELISA showing TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels in Hep3B cell supernatants following sh-STT3A or sh-NC treatment. ( M - Q ) Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of sh-STT3A on Hep3B cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. ( R ) The influence of sh-STT3A on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures was assessed by flow cytometry. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ sh-NC

Article Snippet: After peroxidase blocking, sections were incubated with primary antibodies against FCN3 (#11867-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech, Wuhan, Hubei, China) or STT3A (#12034-1-AP, 1:200; Proteintech) at 37 °C for 30 min.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Migration

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low FCN3 expression in HCC affected Treg cell activation. ( A ) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showing the correlation between FCN3 levels and overall survival of HCC patients. ( B - D ) qRT-PCR, WB and IHC analysis of FCN3 expression in tumor ( T ) and adjacent non-tumor ( N ) tissues from HCC patients. ( E - F ) The levels of FCN3 in normal hepatocyte THLE-2 and HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, HCC-LM3) were assessed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( G - H ) qRT-PCR and WB analysis demonstrating the mRNA and protein levels of Treg cell markers FOXP3 and CD25 in clinical samples. ( I ) ELISA quantification of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( J - K ) The levels of FOXP3 and CD25 in PBMCs co-cultured with FCN3-knockdown or FCN3-overexpressing HCC cells were evaluated by qRT-PCR and WB. ( L ) Flow cytometry analysis of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cell proportion in PBMCs within the co-culture systems. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ sh-NC/ OE-NC

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Knockdown, Flow Cytometry, Co-Culture Assay

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: FCN3 regulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling to influence Treg activation. ( A - B ) qRT-PCR and WB analysis of APC and β-catenin in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( C ) Clinical sample IF staining showing β-catenin expression and localization with DAPI nuclear counterstain. ( D - E ) The levels of APC and β-catenin in HCC cell lines were assessed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( F - G ) qRT-PCR and WB evaluation of APC and β-catenin in Hep3B cells treated with OE-NC, OE-FCN3, OE-FCN3 + DMSO, or OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 (β-catenin activator). ( H ) The levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatant of each group were examined by ELISA. ( I - M ) Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays evaluating the effect of OE-FCN3 and OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 on cell migration, invasion and apoptosis of Hep3B cells. ( N ) Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the effects of OE-FCN3 and OE-FCN3 + LY2090314 treatment in Hep3B cells on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ OE-NC/ OE-FCN3 + DMSO

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Expressing, Cell Culture, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Migration

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Enhanced N-glycosylation of FCN3 in HCC. ( A ) Protein-protein interaction network obtained from BioGRID Database exhibited the connection between FCN3 and glycosylation-related proteins. ( B ) WB assay confirmed FCN3 band shift in HCC cell lysates, showing FCN3 galactosylated modification. ( C ) WB analysis of HCC cell lysates treated with PNGase F or O-Glycanase was performed to verify that FCN3 glycosylation was N-linked rather than O-linked. ( D ) FCN3 band shift in Hep3B cells treated with TM or DMSO was analyzed by WB. ( E ) WB analysis of FCN3 protein was performed in FCN3-knockdown HCC cells transfected with either Vector, FCN3-WT, or FCN3-N189Q. ( F - G ) IF staining and ELISA quantification showed the effects of the Asn189 mutation on FCN3 intracellular levels and its secretion into the culture supernatant, respectively

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Modification, Knockdown, Transfection, Plasmid Preparation, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Mutagenesis

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: N-glycosylated FCN3 influenced Wnt/β-catenin signaling and Treg activation. ( A ) qRT-PCR analysis of APC and β-catenin mRNA levels in Hep3B cells transfected with FCN3-WT or FCN3-N189Q. ( B ) WB analysis showing the levels of APC, β-catenin, and p-β-catenin. ( C ) Subcellular localization of β-catenin was analyzed by WB. ( D ) ELISA was conducted to assess the levels of TGF-β1 and IL-10 in cell culture supernatant of Hep3B cells transfected with FCN3-WT or FCN3-N189Q. ( E - K ) The effects of FCN3 glycosylation on cell viability, migration, invasion and apoptosis in Hep3B cells were respectively evaluated by CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays. ( L ) Flow cytometry demonstrating the impact of FCN3 glycosylation on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. FCN3-WT

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Cell Culture, Glycoproteomics, Migration, CCK-8 Assay, Flow Cytometry

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: STT3A involved in HCC progression via promoting FCN3 N-glycosylation. ( A ) Bioinformatics analysis revealing STT3A expression in normal and HCC liver tissues. ( B - D ) qRT-PCR, WB and IHC assays were performed to assess STT3A levels in HCC tumor and adjacent non-tumor tissues. ( E - F ) The mRNA and protein levels of STT3A in normal hepatocyte and HCC cell lines were analyzed by qRT-PCR and WB. ( G ) Correlation analysis between STT3A protein expression and FCN3 protein expression in tumor tissues from HCC patients. ( H ) Co-IP assay verified STT3A-FCN3 interaction. ( I ) WB analysis of FCN3 glycosylation in Hep3B cells transfected with sh-STT3A or sh-NC. ( J - K ) The effects of sh-STT3A on the expression of APC and β-catenin in Hep3B cells were examined by qRT-PCR and WB. ( L ) ELISA showing TGF-β1 and IL-10 levels in Hep3B cell supernatants following sh-STT3A or sh-NC treatment. ( M - Q ) Wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays were conducted to evaluate the effects of sh-STT3A on Hep3B cell migration, invasion and apoptosis. ( R ) The influence of sh-STT3A on the proportion of CD4⁺CD25⁺FOXP3 + Treg cells in Hep3B-PBMC co-cultures was assessed by flow cytometry. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. N/ THLE-2/ sh-NC

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Glycoproteomics, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Transfection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Migration

Journal: Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)

Article Title: STT3A-mediated FCN3 N-glycosylation promotes Treg cell activation to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression via Wnt/β-catenin

doi: 10.1007/s13402-025-01159-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: STT3A promoted HCC development by regulating Treg cell activation in vivo. ( A ) Representative tumors of C57BL/6 mice at day 21 post-inoculation of Hepa1-6 cells with sh-STT3A or sh-NC transfection. ( B - C ) Tumor volume and body weight recorded during 21 days post Hepa1-6 cell inoculation demonstrated the effect of sh-STT3A on HCC tumor growth. ( D - F ) qRT-PCR and WB analysis of FOXP3 and CD25 in tumor tissues from HCC mice with sh-STT3A or sh-NC. ( G ) H&E-stained lung sections showing the impact of sh-STT3A on the number of metastatic nodules in HCC mice. ( H - J ) Tumor growth evaluation (images, volume, weight) in mice receiving Hepa1-6 cells with OE-NC, OE-STT3A, or OE-STT3A + DT. ( K - L ) ELISA assessing the influence of OE-STT3A and OE-STT3A + DT on TGF-β1 and IL-10 in HCC mouse tumor tissues. ( M ) Assessment of lung metastasis in HCC mice with OE-NC, OE-STT3A, or OE-STT3A + DT treatment using H&E staining. *** p < 0.001, ** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05 vs. sh-NC/ OE-NC/ OE-STT3A

Article Snippet: For detection of secreted FCN3, the Human FCN3 ELISA Kit (#CSB‐E13104h, Cusabio, Wuhan, Hubei, China) was used following the supplier’s instructions.

Techniques: Activation Assay, In Vivo, Transfection, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay