Journal: Pharmaceutics

Article Title: Myrrh Oil-Based Nanoemulsion Loaded with Curcumin and Insulin: Development, Characterization, and Evaluation of Enhanced Antibacterial and Diabetic Wound-Healing Activity

doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics18030369

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of topical diabetic wound treatments with various preparations on biomarkers of oxidative stress. ( A ): Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2); ( B ): malondialdehyde (MDA); ( C ): reduced glutathione (GSH). ###: Significantly different compared with the normal control group at p < 0.001, #### at p < 0.0001. *: Significantly different compared with DM + B-NEG group at p < 0.05, ** at p < 0.01, *** at p < 0.001, **** at p < 0.0001. $$$$: Significantly different compared with the CUR-G group at p < 0.0001. @: Significantly different compared with INS-G group at p < 0.05, @@ at p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit was used to measure the concentration of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2, BT LAB, Shanghai, China) in skin tissue homogenate following the manufacturer’s procedures.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Natural Product Communications

Article Title: Anti-inflammatory Activities of 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin Acetylation Products via NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

doi: 10.1177/1934578x221086893

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Effects of DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC on PGE2 production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. (A) Levels of PGE2 in the culture medium of RAW cells stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) and incubated with 5, 10, and 25 μM each of DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC, as determined by ELISA. Expression of iNOS and COX-2 at the (B, C) mRNA and (D, E) protein levels, as determined by qRT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. All results are shown as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. *P < .05, **P < .01, ***P < .001 versus LPS. Abbreviations: DAMC: 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin; DHMC: 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin; ELISA: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; iNOS: inducible NO synthase; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; 8AMC: 8-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin.

Article Snippet: Cells stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) were incubated with 5, 10, and 25 μM each of DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC for 20 h to measure IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 levels using the following mouse ELISA kits43: IL-1β/IL-1 F2 Quantikine and PGE2 (R&D Systems), IL-6 (Becton Dickinson and Co.), and TNF-α (Invitrogen).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

Article Title: Antidiuretic Action of Collecting Duct (Pro)Renin Receptor Downstream of Vasopressin and PGE2 Receptor EP4

doi: 10.1681/asn.2015050592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. The role of PGE2/EP4 in AVP upregulation of AQP2 expression in the CD cells. Primary rat IMCD cells were pretreated with an EP4 antagonist ONOant and then treated for 24 hours with 10 nM AVP. AQP2 protein expression was determined by immunoblotting and normalized by b-actin. The medium was subjected to ELISA analysis of PGE2. In a separate experiment, the cells were pretreated with PRO20 or anti–PRR-N antibody and then treated for 24 hours with an EP4 agonist CAY. AQP2 expression was determined by immunoblotting. (A) Medium PGE2 after treatment with vehicle or AVP (n=9 per group). (B) Effect of AVP with or without ONOant on AQP2 expression. (C) Effect of CAY with or without PRO20 on AQP2 expression. (D) Effect of CAY with or without anti–PRR-N antibody on AQP2 expression. The representative blots in B–D were from two or three independent experiments. Densitometry analysis was only performed on the representative blots (n=3 per group). Data are means6SEMs. CTR, control. *P,0.05 versus control; #P,0.05 versus AVP or CAY alone.

Article Snippet: Enzyme Immunoassay AVP, PGE2, prorenin/renin, and sPRR in biologic fluids were determined by using the following commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits according to the manufacturer’s instructions: the kits for PGE2 (catalog no. 514010; Cayman Chemicals, Ann Arbor, MI), AVP (catalog no. 583951; Cayman Chemicals), prorenin/renin (Molecular Innovations, Novi, MI), and sPRR (catalog no. JP27782; IBL, Toronto, ON, Canada).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Fish oil supplementation benefits the murine host during the acute phase of a parasitic infection from Trypanosoma cruzi.

doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.007

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 – Effects of FO supplementation on production of PGE2 by spleen cells from mice infected with T cruzi. From 15 days before T cruzi infection to the 7th dpi, C57BL/6 mice were supplemented by gavage with 0.6% (v/w) (1) PBS, (2) CO, or (3) FO. C57BL/6 mice were infected with 5 × 103 blood trypomastigotes T cruzi (Y strain). Splenocytes (5 × 106 cells/well) from uninfected (A) or T cruzi– infected mice (B) were cultured with and without Tc-Ag. Super- natants were harvested after 8 hours, and PGE2 was quantified in supernatants by EIA. The results are expressed as means ± SEM from 4 animals per group and are representative of 2 independent experiments. Means not sharing letter are significantly different (P < .05, 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post test).

Article Snippet: After 8h of culture, the medium was collected and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations were determined by a competitive ELISA kit obtained from Cayman Chemical Co. (Ann Arbor, MI).

Techniques: Infection, Cell Culture

Journal: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie

Article Title: Huoxuezhitong capsule ameliorates MIA-induced osteoarthritis of rats through suppressing PI3K/ Akt/ NF-κB pathway.

doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110471

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. HXZT presented anti-inflammatory activities in OA rats. After 5 weeks treatment, the serum PGE2 (A), TNF-α (B) and IL-1β (C) levels were examined by ELISA. Data were presented as mean ± SD. (n = 6, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared with the Sham group; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the OA group).

Article Snippet: Next, the levels of PGE2 and IL-1β, TNF-α in serum were determined by ELISA according to the manufacturer's instruction (Elabscience, Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Activation of notch signaling pathway is a potential mechanism for mucin2 reduction and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in high-altitude hypoxia.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-96176-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8. The protective effect of PGE2 on the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is not mediated through the Notch signaling pathway. (a) DAO enzyme activity in serum. (b) D-Lactic acid level in serum. (c) mRNA relative expression level of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. (d) Content of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, and TNF-α in serum. (e-f) Western blot analysis of Notch signaling pathway; the samples derive from the same experiment experiments and that blots were processed in parallel, original blot are presented in Supplementary Fig. 9–11. Image J software was used for gray value analysis. (g) Immunofluorescence staining of MUC2 and Notch1. (400×) Data are expressed as means ± SD; n = 6 for each group. *p < 0.05, ns indicates no statistical significance.

Article Snippet: Similarly, mice in the PGE2 group (treated with the mucin secretion inducer, S3003, Selleck, USA) received intraperitoneal injections of PGE2solution at 6 mg/kg per mouse for 5 consecutive days(from day3-day7) 23.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Software, Immunofluorescence, Staining