Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Double immunofluorescent staining of human subcutaneous adipose tissue sections with antibodies against T-cadherin (green) and DPP4 (red); nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM 780 confocal microscope and ZEN2010 software, shown at lower magnification (A) and higher magnification (B) . A thick arrow points to a group of cells expressing both T-cadherin and DPP4 in the interstitium; thin arrows mark cells expressing only T-cadherin; ovals encircle adipocytes. Scale bar 50 µm. (C) The table shows the percentage of T-cadherin–positive, DPP4 + cells and double-positive cells (DPP4 + /T-cadherin + ), quantified from adipose tissue sections of two healthy donors.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Staining, Microscopy, Software, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Light microscopy of MSCs (of the two to three passages) isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue of a healthy donor (A) and immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against T-cadherin (green) (B) . Arrows indicate cells with low or no T-cadherin expression, whereas cells exhibiting green fluorescence corresponding to T-cadherin are clearly visible. Scale bar, 50 µm. Light microscopy of human MSCs (C) and double immunofluorescent staining with antibodies against T-cadherin green, (E) and DPP4 red, (F) nuclei were counterstained with DAPI blue, (D) . Arrows in (C–F) indicate one and the same cell co-expressing T-cadherin and DPP4. Images were acquired using a Leica DMI 6000B microscope equipped with a Leica DFC7000T digital camera and LAS X software. Scale bar, 20 µm. (G) Representative flow cytometry plot showing T-cadherin and DPP4 distribution in cultured MSCs. The proportion of double-positive (DPP4 + /T-cadherin + ) cells was 30.4%; 6.15% expressed only T-cadherin, and 14% expressed only DPP4.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Light Microscopy, Isolation, Staining, Expressing, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Software, Flow Cytometry, Cell Culture

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Individual UMAP plots showing the expression levels and distribution of CDH13 (encoding T-cadherin) in control MSCs (A) and MSCs after 4 days of adipogenic induction (B) . UMAP plots demonstrating DPP4 expression in control MSCs (C) and MSCs after 4 days of adipogenic induction (D) . (E) RT-qPCR analysis of MSCs cultured in control medium or under adipogenic induction conditions showing the dynamics of T-cadherin mRNA expression. T-cadherin/ CDH13 expression decreased by day 4 in adipogenic medium and remained low through day 10. RT-qPCR data are shown as the mean ± SD. T-test. **р< 0.01 *p < 0.05 vs. control media in corresponding experimental day. Results are representative of three biologically independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Cell Culture

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated object. (A) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of CDH13 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the integrated object; CDH13 expressing cells corresponds to Cluster 3 (more than 1-fold change of the average expression level); (B) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of DPP4 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the integrated object; DPP4 expressing cells correspond to Cluster 3 (more than 1-fold change of the average expression level) (C) DimPlot–Integrated object UMAP-clustering. Sample proportion diagrams depict the ratio between the cell counts in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and in the MSC sample (Iris blue) after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation within the Clusters. (D) DimPlot–Integrated object grouped by samples. CDH13 expression in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and MSC sample (Iris blue) after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation. Cluster 3 predominantly contains cells from the control sample.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Integrated object. FeaturePlot. Each cluster is denoted by color. Cluster 0 (Salmon) primarily contains cells expressing fibroblast markers and genes responsible for cell cycle regulation. Cluster 1 (Khaki) encompasses cells expressing preadipocyte-specific genes, such as CEBPB , PPARγ, CD36 and markers of mature adipocytes ( ADIPOQ , Perilipin1 , Perilipin4 ). In Cluster 2 (green), cells predominantly express genes related to mitosis. Cluster 3 (Blue) contains cells of interest with high level of T-cadherin expression, as well as classical MSC markers ( CD90 , PDGFR ), Wnt signaling genes , and DPP4 . In a separate remote Cluster 4 (Magenta), besides CDH13 , cells express Nestin , a marker of neural crest cells, and CD36 , a marker of adipocyte progenitors.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Split violin-plots showing the relative expression levels and distribution of CDH13 (A) and DPP4 (B) genes in the control MSC sample (Salmon) and MSC sample after a 4-day induction of adipogenic differentiation (Iris blue). The highest CDH13 expression was detected in Cluster 3 in MSCs of the control sample compared to MSCs after a 4-day adipogenic induction. Similarly, the highest expression of DPP4 was found in Cluster 3 in MSCs of the control sample. Split violin plots were generated using the R package Seurat and the function VlnPlot with the argument split.by = “sample”.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Generated

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) DimPlot– GSE182158 object UMAP-clustering; (B) 2 cluster manual cell type annotation, the red oval marks cluster 2; (C) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of CDH13 gene expression in the GSE182158 object; (D) FeaturePlot–UMAP-plot showing principal distribution of DPP4 gene expression (encoding for T-cadherin) in the GSE182158 object.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Gene Expression

Journal: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology

Article Title: Adiponectin receptor T-cadherin emerges as a novel regulator of adipose stem cell quiescence and adipogenesis

doi: 10.3389/fcell.2025.1734183

Figure Lengend Snippet: Elevated DPP4 expression in MSCs after lentiviral transduction in T-cadherin-overexpressing cells was verified using RT-qPCR (A) and Western blot (B) . β-tubulin was used as the loading control for Western blot analysis. Representative results from one of two biologically independent RT-qPCR and eight Western blot experiments are shown. ANOVA with multiple comparisons, **p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: Cells were detached from culture dishes using HyQTase Detachment Reagent (HyClone, GE Healthcare Life Sciences, United States) and stained with appropriate combinations of primary antibodies against: DPP4 (CD26 Antibody (MA2607), ThermoFisher Scientific, dilution 1:100), T-cadherin (ProSci, United States, #3583, dilution 1:100).

Techniques: Expressing, Transduction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenotypic characterization of Dpp4 ΔPT and Dpp4 −/− mice. DPP4 protein abundance was evaluated by immunoblotting using equivalent amounts of 10 μg of renal homogenate samples from mice with either (A) PT‐specific ( Dpp4 ΔPT ) or (B) global Dpp4 deletion ( Dpp4 −/− ) and their respective controls. Data normalized to Ponceau staining. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 expression relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Representative images of the immunostaining of kidney sections for SGLT2, a PT marker, and DPP4 in (C) Dpp4 ΔPT and (D) Dpp4 −/− mice. Renal DPP4 activity was assessed by fluorimetry in renal homogenates from (E) Dpp4 ΔPT and (F) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 activity relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 5 to 9. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques: Quantitative Proteomics, Western Blot, Staining, Expressing, Immunostaining, Marker, Activity Assay

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Blood pressure and acute natriuretic and diuretic responses in male and female Dpp4 ΔPT and Dpp4 −/− mice. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail‐cuff plethysmography in male and female (A) Dpp4 ΔPT and (B) Dpp4 −/− mice. Acute renal natriuretic and diuretic responses were evaluated after a saline challenge. Results expressed as (C, D) % of fluid load and (E, F) % sodium load excreted within 5 h. Each dot represents individual measurements. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 5 to 9 (SBP) or 7–10 (saline challenge). Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. Bars represent mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of Dpp4 deletion on kidney NHE3 phosphorylation in male and female Dpp4 ΔPT and Dpp4 −/− mice. Levels of phosphorylated (pS552‐NHE3) and total NHE3 were determined by immunoblotting in kidney homogenates from (A–C) Dpp4 ΔPT and (D–F) Dpp4 −/− mice. Data normalized to Ponceau staining. Each dot represents the % of pS552‐NHE3/NHE3 relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 5 to 9. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of acute Ang II administration on the renal DPP4 activity of male and female mice. (A) Experimental design of the acute Ang II injection protocol. (B–E) Renal DPP4 activity was assessed by fluorimetry in renal homogenates from male and female (B, D) Dpp4 ΔPT and (C, E) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 activity relative to CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 4 to 9. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Injection

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of a pressor dose of Ang II on blood pressure in Dpp4 ΔPT and Dpp4 −/− mice. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail‐cuff plethysmography before and after Ang II administration in male and female (A, B) Dpp4 ΔPT and (C, D) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the ΔSBP change per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 4 to 11. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques:

Journal: Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)

Article Title: Unique Role of Proximal Tubule Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and Na + /H + Exchanger Isoform 3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1111/apha.70127

Figure Lengend Snippet: Influence of acute Ang II‐induced blood pressure rise on NHE3 phosphorylation in the kidneys of Dpp4 ΔPT and Dpp4 −/− mice. Levels of phosphorylated (pS552‐NHE3) and total NHE3 were determined by immunoblotting in kidney homogenates from Dpp4 ΔPT (A–F) and Dpp4 −/− (G–L) mice. Data normalized to Ponceau staining. Each dot represents the % of pS552‐NHE3/NHE3 relative to CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. The experimental n ranged from 4 to 7. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post‐test. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 and **** p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Dpp4 heterozygous floxed mice ( Dpp4 Fl/+ ), on a C57BL/6NTac background, were obtained from Taconic Biosciences (Model n. 10053, Rensselaer, NY) [ ] and bred to generate homozygous litters ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Staining

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101951

Figure Lengend Snippet: Panel for flow cytometry analysis of sorted populations

Article Snippet: CD26 Antibody, anti-mouse, REAfinity- PE (1:100 dilution) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-122-775, RRID: AB_2801934.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Marker, Staining

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101951

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sample detail for fluorescence compensation settings

Article Snippet: CD26 Antibody, anti-mouse, REAfinity- PE (1:100 dilution) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-122-775, RRID: AB_2801934.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Suspension

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101951

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometry gating and isolated fraction purity/viability (A) Gating strategy for cellular subsets identification. Singlet live cells were obtained by using SSC/Time, FSC/SSC and FSC/mortality dye (LD) parameters. (B) To appreciate each fraction purity, dot plot with CD45, CD31, Lin and CD26 (CAFs marker) staining were shown in CD45+ TILs, tumor cells and CAFs in total tumor suspension. (C) Proportion of CD45+ TILs, Endothelial cells, Tumor cells and CAFs in tumor cell suspension and purity of each cell subsets in isolated fractions.

Article Snippet: CD26 Antibody, anti-mouse, REAfinity- PE (1:100 dilution) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-122-775, RRID: AB_2801934.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Isolation, Marker, Staining, Suspension

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101951

Figure Lengend Snippet: Phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis (A and B) Representative flow cytometry analysis of CAFs markers (CD26, FAPa, PDPN, PDGFRa, PDGFRb) on tumor cells and CAFs fractions (A). Normalized expression of each marker (B). (C) Analysis of CAFs, CD45+ TILs and tumor associated genes expression by RT-qPCR in each isolated fraction (n = 3 samples/fraction).

Article Snippet: CD26 Antibody, anti-mouse, REAfinity- PE (1:100 dilution) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-122-775, RRID: AB_2801934.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Marker, Quantitative RT-PCR, Isolation

Journal: STAR Protocols

Article Title: Simultaneous isolation of CD45 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor cells, and associated fibroblasts from murine breast tumor model by MACS

doi: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101951

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: CD26 Antibody, anti-mouse, REAfinity- PE (1:100 dilution) , Miltenyi Biotec , Cat# 130-122-775, RRID: AB_2801934.

Techniques: Recombinant, Flow Cytometry, Staining, Isolation, Cell Isolation, Software, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Blocking Assay, Gentle

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: DPP4 protein abundance was evaluated by immunoblotting using equivalent amounts of 10 μg of renal homogenate samples from mice with either (A) PT-specific ( Dpp4 ΔPT ) or (B) global ( Dpp4 −/− ) Dpp4 deletion and their respective controls. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 expression relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Representative images of the immunostaining of kidney sections for SGLT2, a PT marker, and DPP4 in (C) Dpp4 ΔPT and (D) Dpp4 −/− mice. Renal DPP4 activity assessed by fluorimetry in renal homogenates from (E) Dpp4 ΔPT and (F) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 activity relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01 and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Immunostaining, Marker, Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography in male and female (A) Dpp4 ΔPT and (B) Dpp4 −/− mice. Acute renal natriuretic and diuretic responses were evaluated after a saline challenge. Results expressed as (C-D) % of fluid load and (E-F) % sodium load excreted within 5 hours. Each dot represents individual measurements. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques: Saline

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of phosphorylated (pS552-NHE3) and total NHE3 were determined by immunoblotting in kidney homogenates from (A) Dpp4 ΔPT and (B) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the % of pS552-NHE3/NHE3 relative to male CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: Renal DPP4 activity assessed by fluorimetry in renal homogenates from male and female (A-B) Dpp4 ΔPT and (C-D) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the % of DPP4 activity relative to CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography before and after Ang II administration in (A-B) male and female Dpp4 ΔPT and (C-D) Dpp4 −/− mice. Each dot represents the ΔSBP change per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques:

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Impact of Proximal Tubule-Specific Deletion of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 on Blood Pressure, Renal Sodium Handling, and NHE3 Phosphorylation

doi: 10.1101/2024.12.22.629982

Figure Lengend Snippet: Levels of phosphorylated (pS552-NHE3) and total NHE3 were determined by immunoblotting in kidney homogenates from Dpp4 ΔPT (A-B) and Dpp4 −/− (C-D) mice. Each dot represents the % of pS552-NHE3/NHE3 relative to CTRL or WT per animal. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Homozygous PT- Dpp4 knockout mice were generated by crossing Dpp4 -floxed ( Dpp4 Fl/Fl ) (Model 10935, Taconic Biosciences, Rensselaer, NY) female mice with male Sglt2 -Cre mice (kindly provided by Dr. Jia L Zhuo, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Dulaglutide markedly prevents peritoneal fibrosis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease: Insights into the pathogenesis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serial changes of serum levels of BUN, creatinine, DPP4 and GLP-1 and R Up/c . Circulating levels of (A) BUN, (B) creatinine, (C) DPP4 and (D) GLP-1, and (E) R Up/c at baseline. Circulating levels of (F) BUN, (G) creatinine, (H) DPP4 and (I) GLP-1, and (J) R Up/c at day 14 after CKD induction. Circulating levels of (K) BUN, (L) creatinine, (M) DPP4 and (N) GLP-1, and (O) R Up/c at day 35 after CKD induction. Circulating levels of (P) BUN, (Q) creatinine, (R) DPP4 and (S) GLP-1, and (T) R Up/c at day 42 after CKD induction. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons post hoc test (n=6/group). # P<0.05, ## P<0.01 vs. SC; * P<0.05 vs. CKD; ns, not significant. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CG, chlorhexidine gluconate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; R uP/uC , ratio of urine protein/urine creatinine; SC, sham control.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in the western blot analysis included: NOX-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. SAB4200097; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), NOX-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. MABS2195; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), TNF-α (1:1,000; cat. no. 3707; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), IL-1α (1:1,000; cat. no. 84618; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), MMP-9 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab76003; Abcam), DPP4 (1:1,000; cat. no. ARP63319_P050; Aviva Systems Biology), phosphorylated (p)-Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9520; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9513; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), TGF-β (1:3,000; cat. no. ab215715; Abcam), GLP-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab108443; Abcam), GLP-1R (1:1,000; cat. no. ab218532; Abcam), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab62352; Abcam), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab80588; Abcam), Snail (1:1,000; cat. no. 3879; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), von Willebrand factor (vWF; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab154193; Abcam), VEGF (1:1,000; cat. no. ab214424; Abcam), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 1:6,000; cat. no. A2547; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), vimentin (1:1,000; cat. no. 5741; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), β-catenin (1:1,000; cat. no. 8480; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), fibronectin (1:1,000 cat. no. ab2413; Abcam), collagen I (1:1,000; cat. no. C2456; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), N-cadherin (1:1,000; cat. no. 13116; Cell signaling Technology, Inc.), TLR-2 (1:4,000; cat. no. ab213676; Abcam), TLR-4 (1:4,000; cat. no. NB100-56566; Novus Biologicals, LLC; Bio-Techne), NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 8242; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 3033; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), CD31 (1:1,000; cat. no. 77699; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and β-actin (1:10,000; cat. no. A5441; MilliporeSigma).

Techniques: Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Dulaglutide markedly prevents peritoneal fibrosis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease: Insights into the pathogenesis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis, as well as DPP4, GLP-1R and antioxidants in the peritonium by day 42 after CKD induction. (A) Protein expression levels were detected by western blot analysis. Semi-quantification of (B) NOX-1, (C) vWF, (D) GLP-1R, (E) NOX-2, (F) TNF-α, (G) Nrf2, (H) NQO-1, (I) p-NF-κB/NF-κB, (J) CD31, (K) DPP4 and (L) VEGF. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons post hoc test (n=6/group). # P<0.05, ## P<0.01 vs. SC; * P<0.05 vs. CKD. CG, chlorhexidine gluconate; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1R, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; NQO-1, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreduc-tase 1; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; p-, phosphorylated; SC, sham control; vWF, von Willebrand factor.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in the western blot analysis included: NOX-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. SAB4200097; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), NOX-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. MABS2195; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), TNF-α (1:1,000; cat. no. 3707; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), IL-1α (1:1,000; cat. no. 84618; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), MMP-9 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab76003; Abcam), DPP4 (1:1,000; cat. no. ARP63319_P050; Aviva Systems Biology), phosphorylated (p)-Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9520; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9513; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), TGF-β (1:3,000; cat. no. ab215715; Abcam), GLP-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab108443; Abcam), GLP-1R (1:1,000; cat. no. ab218532; Abcam), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab62352; Abcam), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab80588; Abcam), Snail (1:1,000; cat. no. 3879; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), von Willebrand factor (vWF; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab154193; Abcam), VEGF (1:1,000; cat. no. ab214424; Abcam), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 1:6,000; cat. no. A2547; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), vimentin (1:1,000; cat. no. 5741; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), β-catenin (1:1,000; cat. no. 8480; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), fibronectin (1:1,000 cat. no. ab2413; Abcam), collagen I (1:1,000; cat. no. C2456; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), N-cadherin (1:1,000; cat. no. 13116; Cell signaling Technology, Inc.), TLR-2 (1:4,000; cat. no. ab213676; Abcam), TLR-4 (1:4,000; cat. no. NB100-56566; Novus Biologicals, LLC; Bio-Techne), NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 8242; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 3033; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), CD31 (1:1,000; cat. no. 77699; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and β-actin (1:10,000; cat. no. A5441; MilliporeSigma).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Dulaglutide markedly prevents peritoneal fibrosis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease: Insights into the pathogenesis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5592

Figure Lengend Snippet: LPS induces peritoneal damaged by day 5 of treatment. Circulating levels of (A) GLP-1 and (B) DPP4 at baseline. Circulating levels of (C) GLP-1 and (D) DPP4 at day 5. Abdominal levels of (E) GLP-1 and (F) DPP4 at day 5. Circulating levels of the indicator of peritoneal permeability FITC-dextran (G) 10, (H) 20 and (I) 30 min after LPS treatment. Flow cytometric analysis of the number of (J) CD11b/c + , (K) MPO + anf (L) Ly6G + cells in circulation. Flow cytometric analysis of the number of (M) CD11b/c + , (N) MPO + cells and (O) Ly6G + cells in the abdominal fluid. All statistical analyses were performed by one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparisons post hoc test (n=6/group). # P<0.05 vs. SC; * P<0.05 vs. LPS. DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MPO, myeloperoxidase; SC, sham control.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in the western blot analysis included: NOX-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. SAB4200097; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), NOX-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. MABS2195; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), TNF-α (1:1,000; cat. no. 3707; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), IL-1α (1:1,000; cat. no. 84618; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), MMP-9 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab76003; Abcam), DPP4 (1:1,000; cat. no. ARP63319_P050; Aviva Systems Biology), phosphorylated (p)-Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9520; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9513; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), TGF-β (1:3,000; cat. no. ab215715; Abcam), GLP-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab108443; Abcam), GLP-1R (1:1,000; cat. no. ab218532; Abcam), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab62352; Abcam), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab80588; Abcam), Snail (1:1,000; cat. no. 3879; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), von Willebrand factor (vWF; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab154193; Abcam), VEGF (1:1,000; cat. no. ab214424; Abcam), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 1:6,000; cat. no. A2547; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), vimentin (1:1,000; cat. no. 5741; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), β-catenin (1:1,000; cat. no. 8480; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), fibronectin (1:1,000 cat. no. ab2413; Abcam), collagen I (1:1,000; cat. no. C2456; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), N-cadherin (1:1,000; cat. no. 13116; Cell signaling Technology, Inc.), TLR-2 (1:4,000; cat. no. ab213676; Abcam), TLR-4 (1:4,000; cat. no. NB100-56566; Novus Biologicals, LLC; Bio-Techne), NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 8242; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 3033; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), CD31 (1:1,000; cat. no. 77699; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and β-actin (1:10,000; cat. no. A5441; MilliporeSigma).

Techniques: Permeability, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Dulaglutide markedly prevents peritoneal fibrosis in a rodent model of chronic kidney disease: Insights into the pathogenesis

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2025.5592

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic diagram of the proposed underlying mechanims of dulaglutide treatment of peritoneal fibrosis and PD failure. CKD, chronic kidney disease; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transion; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1; GLP-1R, GLP-1 receptor; LPS, lipopolysac-charide; NQO-1, NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase 1; Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PD, pertoneal dialysis.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used in the western blot analysis included: NOX-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. SAB4200097; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), NOX-2 (1:1,000; cat. no. MABS2195; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), TNF-α (1:1,000; cat. no. 3707; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), IL-1α (1:1,000; cat. no. 84618; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), MMP-9 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab76003; Abcam), DPP4 (1:1,000; cat. no. ARP63319_P050; Aviva Systems Biology), phosphorylated (p)-Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9520; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), Smad3 (1:1,000; cat. no. 9513; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), TGF-β (1:3,000; cat. no. ab215715; Abcam), GLP-1 (1:1,000; cat. no. ab108443; Abcam), GLP-1R (1:1,000; cat. no. ab218532; Abcam), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab62352; Abcam), NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab80588; Abcam), Snail (1:1,000; cat. no. 3879; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), von Willebrand factor (vWF; 1:1,000; cat. no. ab154193; Abcam), VEGF (1:1,000; cat. no. ab214424; Abcam), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; 1:6,000; cat. no. A2547; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), vimentin (1:1,000; cat. no. 5741; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), β-catenin (1:1,000; cat. no. 8480; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), fibronectin (1:1,000 cat. no. ab2413; Abcam), collagen I (1:1,000; cat. no. C2456; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA), N-cadherin (1:1,000; cat. no. 13116; Cell signaling Technology, Inc.), TLR-2 (1:4,000; cat. no. ab213676; Abcam), TLR-4 (1:4,000; cat. no. NB100-56566; Novus Biologicals, LLC; Bio-Techne), NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 8242; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), p-NF-κB (1:1,000; cat. no. 3033; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), CD31 (1:1,000; cat. no. 77699; Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.) and β-actin (1:10,000; cat. no. A5441; MilliporeSigma).

Techniques: