Journal: Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal

Article Title: Network Proximity-based computational pipeline identifies drug candidates for different pathological stages of Alzheimer's disease

doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.041

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of drug candidates on ROS level, MDA content and SOD activity. Representative images for assay of ROS after treatment with azathioprine (a), niflumic acid (b), olaparib (c), chlorzoxazone (d), nabumetone (e) and donepezil (f) in SH-SY5Y and APP-SH-SY5Y cells. Effect of azathioprine on MDA content ( g ) and SOD activity ( h ). Data are presented as means± SEM. ### P < 0.001, versus SH-SY5Y group; * **P < 0.001, versus APP-SH-SY5Y group. n = 3 per group. ROS, reactive oxygen species, MDA, malondialdehyde, SOD, superoxide dismutase.

Article Snippet: Six drugs, including azathioprine, niflumic acid, olaparib, chlorzoxazone, nabumetone and donepezil were purchased from the MedChemExpress (MCE) database (https://www.medchemexpress.cn/) and dissolved in DMSO.

Techniques: Activity Assay

Journal: Science advances

Article Title: Cholinergic signaling to CA1 astrocytes controls fear extinction.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ads7191

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 7. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil increases astrocyte Ca2+ activity and facilitates fear extinction. (A) Diagram of viral microinjection and behavioral test. (B) Top and bottom: Heatmaps and averaged traces of ΔF/F astrocyte GCaMP6f signals in mice receiving saline or donepezil (1 μl) treatment (n = 4 per group). (C) Quantification of GCaMP6f AUC in saline- or donepezil-treated mice. (D) Intracranial microinjection of donepezil before extinction training–enhanced fear extinction training and decreased fear memory (n = 10 per group). (E) IP injection of donepezil before extinction training–enhanced fear extinction training and decreased fear memory (n = 9 to 11 per group). (F) Model summarizing the pBF cholinergic signaling to CA1 astrocytes in control fear extinction. ACh release in CA1 triggers astrocytic calcium activities through α4 and α7 subunits of nAChRs during fear extinction. Inhibition or activation of this cholinergic neurons to CA1 astrocyte signaling pathway leads to attenuation or facilitation in fear extinction, respectively. Error bars show means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, as determined by paired t test (C), two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test [(D) and (E), on day 2], and unpaired t test [(D) and (E), on day 3].

Article Snippet: Atropine (Sigma- Aldrich, A0257), MECA (Sigma- Aldrich, M9020), DHβE (Tocris Bioscience, 2349), MLA (Abcam, Ab120072), and donepezil HCl (Selleck, S2462) were dissolved and diluted to their final concentrations in sterile 0.9% NaCl saline.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Microinjection, Saline, Injection, Control, Inhibition, Activation Assay

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Article Title: Loss of Mucosal p32/gC1qR/HABP1 Triggers Energy Deficiency and Impairs Goblet Cell Differentiation in Ulcerative Colitis

doi: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mucin secretion is dependent on energy supplied by mitochondrial respiration. ( A ) Graphical setup of cell culture experiments. ( B ) HT29-MTX cells were grown for 3 or 8 days. Muc5AC was measured by direct ELISA in cell culture supernatants, was normalized to cell count, and is shown as fold change to 3 days grown HT29MTX. ( C ) Seahorse measurement of HT29-MTX cells before and after 2 μM oligomycin injection. Muc5AC level in the cell culture supernatant after 24-hour stimulation with ( D ) oligomycin or ( F ) DNP were measured by ELISA and normalized to each control. Intracellular Muc5AC level of ( E ) oligomycin or ( G ) DNP-stimulated HT29-MTX cells were measured by direct ELISA in native protein isolates. Intracellular Muc5AC level was normalized to corresponding protein concentrations. ( B ) Unpaired t test; ( D , F ) 1-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons; results are shown as mean ± SD. ∗ P ≤ .05, ∗∗ P ≤ .01, ∗∗∗ P ≤ .001, ∗∗∗∗ P ≤ .0001.

Article Snippet: DNP (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX) or oligomycin (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA) were applied at indicated concentrations for 24 hours to inhibit mitochondrial respiration.

Techniques: Cell Culture, Direct ELISA, Cell Counting, Injection, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: RSC Advances

Article Title: Metabolic profiling and biological activity of two Livistona species: L. chinensis and L. australis †

doi: 10.1039/d3ra01229h

Figure Lengend Snippet: Anticholinesterase, telomerase activation, and DPP-IV inhibitory activities of alcoholic extract from the leaves and fruits of L. australis

Article Snippet: Donepezil (Cat # sc-218265) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Texas, USA).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Inhibition, Control