Journal: PLoS Computational Biology

Article Title: Population Density Modulates Drug Inhibition and Gives Rise to Potential Bistability of Treatment Outcomes for Bacterial Infections

doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005098

Figure Lengend Snippet: A-I: Steady state population growth rate (relative to untreated cells) as a function of cell density for multiple drug concentrations. Drug concentrations are A. Tigecycline concentration = 15 (green), 25 (blue), 50 (red), 100 (black) ng/mL; B. Spectinomycin concentration = 50 (green), 100 (blue), 150 (red), 400 (black) μg/mL; C. Daptomycin concentration = 1.0 (green), 1.25 (blue), 1.50 (red), 3.0 (black) μg/mL; D. Nitrofurantoin concentration = 50 (green), 100 (blue), 125 (red), 250 (black) μg/mL; E. Ciprofloxacin concentration = 100 (green), 150 (blue), 200 (red), 300 (black), 400 (cyan) ng/mL; F. Linezolid concentration = 0.1 (green), 0.5 (blue), 4 (red), 5 (black) μg/mL; G. Ampicillin concentration = 200 (green), 300 (blue), 400 (red), 500 (black) ng/mL; Note that ampicillin growth does not reach steady state on the time-scale of our experiment, so these measurements are effective growth rates averaged over a non-steady state (Figure A in ). H. Ceftriaxone concentration = 5 (green), 50 (blue), 200 (red), 300 (black) μg/mL; I. Doxycycline concentration = 33 (green), 100 (blue), 333 (red), 500 (black) ng/mL. Statistically significant differences between growth at lowest and highest densities (0.2 and 0.8), intermediate densities (0.4 and 0.6), or both are indicated by *, **, and ***, respectively. Error bars are +/- 1.96 standard error (95% confidence intervals). See also Figures B, C in .

Article Snippet: Antibiotics used in the study include Ampicillin Sodium Salt and Doxycycline Hydrochloride (Fisher); Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone Sodium Salt (Acros Organics); Nitrofurantoin and Spectinomycin Sulfate (MP Biomedicals); Tigecycline (TSZ Chem); Linezolid (Chem-Impex Int’l LLC); and Daptomycin (Fisher).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Biochimica et biophysica acta

Article Title: Rapid bactericidal action of alpha-mangostin against MRSA as an outcome of membrane targeting.

doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 5. α-Mangostin as a cytoplasmic membrane disruption agent. (A) Effects of α-mangostin with different concentrations on the fluorescence intensity of EtBr incu- bated with clinical isolate S. aureus DM4001 at 0.25×, 0.5×, 1×, 2×, 4× and 8× MICs. (B) Effects of different antibiotics on the EtBr fluorescence intensity: red line, 1 μL DMF; black line, α-mangostin, 8× MIC; blue line, daptomycin, 12.5 μg/mL; light blue line, vancomycin, 8× MIC; and purple line, 15 μL triton X-100. MIC values (μg/mL): α-mangostin=1.56; vancomycin=1.56. cps: count per second.

Article Snippet: Daptomycin was purchased from Tocris Bioscience, United Kingdom.

Techniques: Membrane, Disruption

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Genome-Wide Identification of Antimicrobial Intrinsic Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene inactivations affecting susceptibility to antimicrobial agents to one or more of the eight antimicrobial agents tested. The effect on susceptibility is displayed using a gray scale indicating fold reductions in sensitivity: , and . The genes are divided into the categories: (1) Membrane transporters, (2) Metabolism, (3) Replication and DNA repair, (4) Pro-phage encoded genes, (5) Protein synthesis, (6) Transcriptional regulators, chaperones, cell wall and membrane stress mechanisms and (7) Unassigned and hypothetical genes. CIP (Ciprofloxacin), OXA (Oxacillin), LZD (Linezolid), FOF (Fosfomycin), DAP (Daptomycin), MUP (Mupirocin), VAN (Vancomycin) and GEN (Gentamicin).

Article Snippet: Antimicrobial agents used in the study were erythromycin (Sigma), ciprofloxacin (Sigma), oxacillin (Sigma), linezolid (Sigma), fosfomycin (Sigma), daptomycin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mupirocin (Sigma), vancomycin (Sigma) and gentamicin (Sigma).

Techniques: Membrane

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Genome-Wide Identification of Antimicrobial Intrinsic Resistance Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.02018

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antimicrobial agents used in the screening for intrinsic resistance determinants, as well as the primary target and process affected by the respective agents.

Article Snippet: Antimicrobial agents used in the study were erythromycin (Sigma), ciprofloxacin (Sigma), oxacillin (Sigma), linezolid (Sigma), fosfomycin (Sigma), daptomycin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), mupirocin (Sigma), vancomycin (Sigma) and gentamicin (Sigma).

Techniques: Membrane, Permeability

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activity of Daptomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci of Various Van Types and Comparison of Susceptibility Testing Methods

doi: 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3760-3763.2003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overall susceptibilities of the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species strain collection to daptomycin and the comparative agents by the NCCLS broth microdilution method using calcium-supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth test medium

Article Snippet: MICs were also determined for each isolate using specially prepared daptomycin E-test strips (prepared by AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden, and provided by Cubist) with a concentration range of 0.016 to 256 μg/ml.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activity of Daptomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci of Various Van Types and Comparison of Susceptibility Testing Methods

doi: 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3760-3763.2003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of daptomycin E test and NCCLS broth microdilution MICs according to the Mueller-Hinton agar test medium and E-test formulation tested

Article Snippet: MICs were also determined for each isolate using specially prepared daptomycin E-test strips (prepared by AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden, and provided by Cubist) with a concentration range of 0.016 to 256 μg/ml.

Techniques: Comparison, Formulation

Journal:

Article Title: In Vitro Activity of Daptomycin against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci of Various Van Types and Comparison of Susceptibility Testing Methods

doi: 10.1128/AAC.47.12.3760-3763.2003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of daptomycin E test and NCCLS broth microdilution MICs utilizing a total of 116 isolates on a single brand and lot of Mueller-Hinton agar

Article Snippet: MICs were also determined for each isolate using specially prepared daptomycin E-test strips (prepared by AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden, and provided by Cubist) with a concentration range of 0.016 to 256 μg/ml.

Techniques: Comparison