Journal: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: The role of invasive and non-invasive imaging technologies and calcium modification therapies in the evaluation and management of coronary artery calcifications

doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1133510

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of coronary artery calcification lesion modification tools.

Article Snippet: The current excimer laser system (CVX-300 ELCA System, Philips) uses the photoablative ability of a xenon chloride laser to modify CAC by three mechanisms: photochemical (breaking of molecular bonds), photothermal (plaque modification by production of heat), and photomechanical (production of high-energy bubbles hitting and cracking the calcified plaque component).

Techniques: Modification, Dissection, Blocking Assay, Saline

Journal: Blood

Article Title: Plasminogen associates with phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets and contributes to thrombus lysis under flow

doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599480

Figure Lengend Snippet: Platelet stimulation enhances plasminogen activation. (A) Washed platelets (5 × 108 platelets/ml) were stimulated with CVX (100 ng/ml) + thrombin (100 nM) or TRAP-6 (15 µM) for 45 minutes. (B-C) Platelets were then diluted to a final concentration of 6 × 107 platelets/ml ± tPA or uPA (1 nM) in the presence of hirudin (0.3 µg/ml) and D-Val-Leu-Lys-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (0.35 mM). Plasmin generation was measured as fluorescence release and quantified as average FU per minute. **P < .01; ***P < .001; ****P < .0001 compared with unstimulated platelets. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 5. FU, fluorescence unit.

Article Snippet: Washed platelets (5 × 10 8 platelets/mL) in HEPES buffer, pH 7.45 were stimulated for 45 minutes with 100 nM thrombin + 100 ng/mL CVX (Pentapharm or purified to homogeneity from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus 39 ) or 15 μM thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP-6) (Sigma-Aldrich) + CVX in the presence of 2 mM CaCl 2 .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Concentration Assay, Fluorescence

Journal: Blood

Article Title: Plasminogen associates with phosphatidylserine-exposing platelets and contributes to thrombus lysis under flow

doi: 10.1182/blood-2014-09-599480

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activation of platelets stimulates binding of plasminogen. Platelets (2 × 108/ml) were stimulated with thrombin (100 nM) + CVX (100 ng/ml) or TRAP-6 (15 µM) + CVX. After 40 minutes stimulation, either (A) fibrinogen-AF647 (16.7 µg/ml) or (B) plasminogen-DL633 (0.27 µM) was added for 5 minutes before the addition of Annexin A5–FITC (1/20 dilution), followed by HEPES buffer (pH 7.45) containing 2 mM CaCl2. Platelets were then analyzed by flow cytometry. (A) Percentage of fibrinogen–AF647-positive platelets. (B) Representative contour plots showing side scatter (SSC-A) against plasminogen-DL633, gated on unstained platelets (left). Plasminogen-DL633 binding quantified as MFI (middle) and the percentage of plasminogen-positive platelets that are PS-exposing (open bars) or negative (closed bars) (as indicated by Annexin A5–FITC) are shown (right). (C) Representative contour plots of thrombin/CVX-stimulated platelets in the presence of GPRP (5 mM) or tirofiban (1 µg/ml) (left). Plasminogen-DL633 binding quantified as MFI (middle) and the percentage of plasminogen-positive platelets that are PS-exposing (open bars) or negative (closed bars) are shown (right). Expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001; ****P < .0001; n = 3.

Article Snippet: Washed platelets (5 × 10 8 platelets/mL) in HEPES buffer, pH 7.45 were stimulated for 45 minutes with 100 nM thrombin + 100 ng/mL CVX (Pentapharm or purified to homogeneity from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus 39 ) or 15 μM thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP-6) (Sigma-Aldrich) + CVX in the presence of 2 mM CaCl 2 .

Techniques: Activation Assay, Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry