Journal: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

Article Title: Cordycepin, a metabolite of Cordyceps militaris, reduces immune-related gene expression in insects

doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2020.107480

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of AMPs in D. melanogaster S2r+ cells in response to cordycepin treatment. S2r+ cells (three biological replicates) were treated with DMSO (dark grey bars) or DMSO plus 25 µg ml −1 (100 µM) cordycepin (light grey bars). Immune challenge was simulated using 20 µg ml −1 LPS or curdlan. Cells were sampled 4 h after treatment. Fold changes in gene expression were calculated using the 2 - Δ Δ C T method compared to untreated samples with correction for the internal control (RP49). Relative expression of A) metchnikowin and B) attacin A is shown. Error bars show ± SEM and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05; ANOVA, Tukey HSD post hoc tests).

Article Snippet: To determine the effect of cordycepin on gene expression, cells were treated with the immune response stimulants curdlan (linear beta-1,3-glucan; 20 μg ml −1 ; Carbosynth Ltd., Compton, UK) or crude LPS (lipopolysaccharide; 20 μg ml −1 ; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA), followed by addition of 25 μg ml −1 (100 μM) cordycepin solution in DMSO, or DMSO only.

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Control

Journal: EFSA Journal

Article Title: Safety evaluation of curdlan as a food additive

doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8985

Figure Lengend Snippet: Specifications as proposed by the applicant for ‘curdlan’, and for ‘curdlan’ as set in the JECFA Monographs 1 ( 2006 ) (Documentation provided to EFSA No. 1–6).

Article Snippet: Lastly, in the 1‐year toxicity study of curdlan conducted in dogs (Takeda Chemical Industries Ltd., 1975a in Documentation provided to EFSA No. 1) sporadic changes were observed in leucocytes that did not follow a dose response relationship nor did it lead to any overt haematological effects.

Techniques: High Molecular Weight, Produced, Suspension, Molecular Weight, Functional Assay, Solubility, Residue, Bacteria