Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Involvement of VDAC, Bax and Ceramides in the Efflux of AIF from Mitochondria during Curcumin-Induced Apoptosis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006688

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of specific inhibitors of various intracellular pathways on curcumin-induced apoptosis.

Article Snippet: To test whether caspases are involved in mitochondrial release of AIF during curcumin-induced apoptosis, fibroblasts were treated with 25 μM curcumin in the presence or absence of the pan-specific caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethylketone (z-VAD-fmk, 100 μM, R&D Systems, Abingdon, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: Chemopreventive efficacy of oral curcumin: a prodrug hypothesis

doi: 10.1096/fj.201900166R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration‐time profiles of curcumin and its metabolite curcumin glucuronide following a single oral dose of curcumin SMEDDS formulation (100 mg/kg) as determined by LC‐MS/MS. Data are means ± sd (n = 3–4). Plasma concentrations for 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice (A), tumor concentrations for 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice (B), plasma concentrations for TuBo tumor‐bearing mice (C), and tumor concentrations for TuBo tumor‐bearing plasma (D).

Article Snippet: Curcumin β‐glucuronide was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Formulation, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: Chemopreventive efficacy of oral curcumin: a prodrug hypothesis

doi: 10.1096/fj.201900166R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration‐time profiles of curcumin and its metabolite curcumin glucuronide following a single intravenous dose of curcumin glucuronide (2 mg/kg) as determined by LC‐MS. Data are means ± sd (n = 3–4/group/time point). Plasma concentrations for 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice (A), tumor concentrations for 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice (B), plasma concentrations for TuBo tumor‐bearing mice (C), and tumor concentrations for TuBo tumor‐bearing plasma (D).

Article Snippet: Curcumin β‐glucuronide was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Clinical Proteomics

Journal: The FASEB Journal

Article Title: Chemopreventive efficacy of oral curcumin: a prodrug hypothesis

doi: 10.1096/fj.201900166R

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors received either a single dose or multiple doses of curcumin SMEDDS formulation daily at 100 mg/kg for 14 d prior to tissue and plasma collection. Data shown are means ± sd (n = 4–5). A) Accumulation of curcumin in the tumor tissue after single and multiple oral doses of curcumin. *P < 0.05 compared with curcumin concentrations after 1 single dose. B) Curcumin concentrations in plasma, tumors, and livers of healthy Balb/c mice and mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors. ***P< 0.001 compared with curcumin concentrations in healthy mammary tissue. C) Curcumin glucuronide concentrations in plasma, tumors, and livers of healthy Balb/c mice and mice bearing orthotopic 4T1 tumors. Plasma concentrations are provided in ng/ml. All tissue concentrations are in ng/g. Conc., concentration. **P< 0.01 compared with liver concentrations in healthy animals.

Article Snippet: Curcumin β‐glucuronide was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

Techniques: Formulation, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Restoration Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cataracts Via Attenuating Oxidative Stress

doi: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.26

Figure Lengend Snippet: Curcumin analog C1 exerted protective effects in HG-induced cataracts. Rat lenses were subjected to control (5.5 mM), HG (50 mM), and HG (50 mM) with C1 (5 µM) medium for 7 days. ( A ) Representative images of cultured rat lenses and the percentage distribution of cataract scores in the control, HG, and HG + C1 groups. ( B ) TEM showed that C1 treatment alleviated abnormally large autophagic vesicles ( arrows ) with massive undegraded substrates in anterior capsular LECs under HG conditions. ( C ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of α-SMA, FN, LC3-I/II, and P62 determined by Western blotting in LECs. ( D ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of LC3-I/II and P62 determined by Western blotting in LFCs. All the data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To study the effects of TFEB activation, we treated lenses with curcumin analog C1 (C1; 5 μM; Selleck) or tetrahydrocurcumin (THC; 5 μM; Selleck) upon HG (50 mM) treatment.

Techniques: Control, Cell Culture, Expressing, Western Blot, Standard Deviation

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Restoration Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cataracts Via Attenuating Oxidative Stress

doi: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.26

Figure Lengend Snippet: C1 enhanced lysosomal degradation via promoting the nuclear translocation of TFEB in HG-cultured LECs. Primary rabbit LECs were exposed to control (5.5 mM), HG (25 mM), and HG (25 mM) with C1 (5 µM) medium for 3 days. ( A ) ROS levels were detected by DCFH-DA assay. ( B , C ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of α-SMA, FN, LC3-I/II, and P62 determined by Western blotting in LECs. ( D ) Representative fluorescence images of mCherry-EGFP-LC3 puncta within LECs and quantification. ( E ) Immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis ( F ) showed that C1 increased the expression levels and distributions of TFEB in the cytoplasm and nuclei in LECs. ( G ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of Pro-CTSB, LAMP1, and ubiquitin determined by Western blotting in LECs. ( H ) Lysotracker staining and immunofluorescence staining of LAMP1 puncta in LECs. Relative protein levels of total proteins were standardized to the expression of β-Actin, whereas nuclear proteins were normalized to Lamin B1. All the data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To study the effects of TFEB activation, we treated lenses with curcumin analog C1 (C1; 5 μM; Selleck) or tetrahydrocurcumin (THC; 5 μM; Selleck) upon HG (50 mM) treatment.

Techniques: Translocation Assay, Cell Culture, Control, DCFH-DA Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Standard Deviation

Journal: Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science

Article Title: TFEB-Mediated Lysosomal Restoration Alleviates High Glucose-Induced Cataracts Via Attenuating Oxidative Stress

doi: 10.1167/iovs.63.6.26

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of THC and C1 in alleviating HG-induced cataracts. Primary rabbit LECs were exposed to control (5.5 mM), HG (25 mM), HG (25 mM) with THC (5 µM), and HG (25 mM) with C1 (5 µM) medium for 3 days. ( A ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of TFEB determined by Western blotting in LECs. ( B ) DCFH-DA assay compared ROS levels in the control, HG, HG + THC, and HG + C1 groups. Rat lenses were subjected to control (5.5 mM), HG (50 mM), HG (50 mM) with THC (5 µM), and HG (50 mM) with C1 (5 µM) medium for 7 days. ( C ) Representative images of cultured rat lenses and the percentage distribution of cataract scores in the control, HG, HG + THC, and HG + C1 groups. ( D ) Protein expression levels and quantitative analysis of α-SMA, FN, LC3-I/II, and P62 determined by Western blotting in LECs. All the data were shown as mean ± standard deviation. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To study the effects of TFEB activation, we treated lenses with curcumin analog C1 (C1; 5 μM; Selleck) or tetrahydrocurcumin (THC; 5 μM; Selleck) upon HG (50 mM) treatment.

Techniques: Comparison, Control, Expressing, Western Blot, DCFH-DA Assay, Cell Culture, Standard Deviation