Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Article Title: A look into retinal organoids: methods, analytical techniques, and applications

doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03917-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cellular organization of the retinal organoids mimics the organization of the retina and contains most of the retinal neuronal cell types, such as most posterior RPE (grey), which faces choroidal blood vessels (brown) at the basal and cones (red) and rods (blue) at the apical sides. The outer limiting membrane (OLM) (tan) is formed by the Müller cell end-feet (cream) and photoreceptors. The photoreceptor nuclei constitute a layer called the outer nuclear layer (ONL), whereas their axons and processes meet with horizontal (pink) and bipolar cells (purple) in the outer plexiform layer (OPL). More anterior, the inner nuclear layer (INL) harbours nuclei of the bipolar (purple), amacrine (orange), horizontal cells (pink), and Müller glia (cream), while the inner plexiform layer contains the processes and synapses of bipolar cells (purple), amacrine cells (orange), and RGC that are reduced in number by the stage of photoreceptor maturation (grey). In retinal organoids, subcellular structures specific to the retina were observed such as outer segments (OS), inner segments (IS), and connecting cilia with basal bodies, mitochondria, and ribbon synapses (right panels). In contrast to the retina, the retinal organoids can contain cone photoreceptors in the INL and do not contain choroid, blood vessels, astrocytes (dark blue), microglia (green), and the defined RPE layer

Article Snippet: CRX , Photoreceptor progenitors, stage 1,2 , Rabbit , Atlas Antibodies , HPA036763 , Jan-50 , [ ] .

Techniques: Membrane, Cream

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Article Title: A look into retinal organoids: methods, analytical techniques, and applications

doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03917-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: Breakthrough methods for differentiation of germline stem cells into retinal organoids

Article Snippet: CRX , Photoreceptor progenitors, stage 1,2 , Rabbit , Atlas Antibodies , HPA036763 , Jan-50 , [ ] .

Techniques: Inhibition, In Vitro, Suspension, Marker, Membrane, Recombinant

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Article Title: A look into retinal organoids: methods, analytical techniques, and applications

doi: 10.1007/s00018-021-03917-4

Figure Lengend Snippet: A wide range of antibodies is available for IHC of retinal organoids

Article Snippet: CRX , Photoreceptor progenitors, stage 1,2 , Rabbit , Atlas Antibodies , HPA036763 , Jan-50 , [ ] .

Techniques: Marker, Clinical Proteomics, Membrane

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Differentiation of human ESCs to retinal ganglion cells using a CRISPR engineered reporter cell line

doi: 10.1038/srep16595

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( a–c ) Temporal qPCR analysis of differentiation. Gene expression was first normalized to GAPDH and CREBBP , and then normalized to the value of undifferentiated A81-H7 hESCs. Error bars represent SEM. ( a ) Expression of eye field transcription factors. ( b ) Expression of optic vesicle, neural retina markers, and neuronal markers. ( c ) Expression of RGC-associated markers. ( d ) qPCR profile for presence of retinal cell types on day 40 of differentiation. Expression was normalized to GAPDH and CREBBP , A81-H7 d0 cells (black) were compared to differentiated cultures (red). Error bars represent SEM. Cell type markers: neurons – VGLUT1 , MAP2 ; Müller glia- GFAP , GS ; RGCs - BRN3B ; amacrine cells - GAD1, SLC6A9 ; bipolar cells - CABP5 , PRKCA ; horizontal cells - LHX1 , PROX1 ; photoreceptors - CRX , RHO , RCVRN ; RPE - MITF , RPE65 . ( e ) Immunostaining of day 49 cultures shows remnants of retinal organization. CRX+ photoreceptor progenitors in green and mCherry+ RGCs in magenta. CRX+ cells – white arrows - appear to segregate from mCherry+ axons, suggesting division between the outer nuclear layer and the nerve fiber layer. Scale bar = 500 μm.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies used were TUJ1 (mouse, 1:2,000, Covance, MMS-435P), CRX (mouse, 1:10,000, Novus Biologicals, H00001406-M02), mCherry (rabbit, 1:200, Abcam, ab167453), TAU (chicken, 1:50, Abcam, ab75714), MAP2 (rabbit, 1:200, Santa Cruz, sc-20172), PAX6 (rabbit, 1:500, Covance, PRB-278P), THY1 (mouse, 1:100, Stemcell Technologies, 60045FI), BRN3 (goat, 1:50, Santa Cruz, sc-6026), BRN3A (mouse, 1:50, Santa Cruz, sc-8429), BRN3B (rabbit, 1:2000, Abcam, ab56026), RBPMS (rabbit, 1:50, Santa Cruz, sc-133950), ISL1 (rabbit, 1:100, Abcam, ab20670), NEFH (rabbit, 1:200, Abcam, ab8135), SNCG (mouse, 1:1,000, Abnova, H00006623-M01), and NEUN (mouse, 1:50, Millipore, MAB377).

Techniques: Gene Expression, Expressing, Immunostaining

Journal: iScience

Article Title: Induced retinal pigment epithelial cells with anti-epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition ability delay retinal degeneration

doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105050

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: CRX , Proteintech , 12047-1-AP, RRID: AB_2292128.

Techniques: Software

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A complete, homozygous CRX deletion causing nullizygosity is a new genetic mechanism for Leber congenital amaurosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22704-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The chromosomal location of CRX, the CRX deletion, the CRX gene and exon structure, and the deletion breakpoints are shown.

Article Snippet: A homozygous deletion of CRX was confirmed by Quantitative PCR (qPCR). qPCR analysis was performed using the ABI TaqMan Copy Number Assay and CopyCaller Software. qPCR primers for the CRX gene, namely Hs03032227_cn (exon1) and Hs02743809_cn (exon4) were used for amplification and detection.

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: A complete, homozygous CRX deletion causing nullizygosity is a new genetic mechanism for Leber congenital amaurosis

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22704-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: The chromosomal location of CRX, the CRX deletion, the CRX gene and exon structure, and the deletion breakpoints are shown.

Article Snippet: A homozygous deletion of CRX was confirmed by Quantitative PCR (qPCR). qPCR analysis was performed using the ABI TaqMan Copy Number Assay and CopyCaller Software. qPCR primers for the CRX gene, namely Hs03032227_cn (exon1) and Hs02743809_cn (exon4) were used for amplification and detection.

Techniques: