Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Nationwide wastewater sequencing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 lineages: validation against clinical data across 28 U.S. states

doi: 10.7717/peerj.20941

Figure Lengend Snippet: Spearman rank correlation coefficient between wastewater abundances and clinical abundances of SARS-CoV-2 lineages. All correlations were positive and significant after a Bonferroni correction, indicating clear agreement. Lower correlation coefficients are thought to be a result of either limited data points (BA) or ongoing epidemiological dynamics (LF, KP) for more recent lineages.

Article Snippet: For all sequencing runs, SARS-CoV-2 gRNA (ATCC VR-1986D), an early isolate of the original SARS-CoV-2 virus from March of 2020 in Washington, is used as a positive control (GenBank: MT246667.1 ).

Techniques:

Journal: PeerJ

Article Title: Nationwide wastewater sequencing surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 lineages: validation against clinical data across 28 U.S. states

doi: 10.7717/peerj.20941

Figure Lengend Snippet: Box and whisker plot of days from average emergence (defined as the date in which a lineage represented over 10% of the total abundance of lineages in at least 5 of our sites) for each SARS-CoV-2 lineage lineage. Each dot represents an individual WWTP. A larger spread indicates a slower spread across the country. Negative values represent an earlier emergence. Each of these dates is calculated with respect to each lineage’s average emergence across all sites.

Article Snippet: For all sequencing runs, SARS-CoV-2 gRNA (ATCC VR-1986D), an early isolate of the original SARS-CoV-2 virus from March of 2020 in Washington, is used as a positive control (GenBank: MT246667.1 ).

Techniques: Whisker Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: A stable subgenomic reporter coronavirus enables transcriptional profiling of bystander cells

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.27.708290

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reagents for analysing HCoV-OC43. A. Western blot of Mv.1.Lu cells infected with HCoV-OC43 at an MOI of 10 PFU/cell and harvested at the indicated time points, probed with two anti-Nucleocapsid (N) antibodies, derived from Sheep (Sh) polyclonal antiserum from the MRC PPU & CVR Coronavirus toolkit and a commercial Rabbit (Rb) polyclonal antiserum. Host HSP90 is included as a loading control. B . Immunofluorescence microscopy of HCoV-infected A549 cells, stained with Sheep anti-N and anti double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a marker of RNA replication. C . Immunoprecipitation (IP) of lysates from HCoV-OC43-infected cells (MOI 3, 24 hpi) using Sheep anti-N and probed with Sheep anti-N and anti-Spike (S). Host HSP90 is included as a loading control. D . Immunofluorescence microscopy of HCoV-OC43-infected A549 cells, stained with mouse monoclonal (Mm) or rabbit polyclonal (Rb) anti-S. E . Silver stain (SS) and western blotting (WB) of virions purified by ultracentrifugation through a 30% sucrose cushion. The supernatant (sup) before and after sucrose cushion, and the pellet, containing purified virions, are shown. Viral structural proteins are indicated by red arrowheads and BSA from cell culture medium by a red asterisk. F . Immunofluorescence microscopy of HCoV-OC43-infected A549 cells stained with anti-SARS-CoV M. Scale bars represent 10 µm.

Article Snippet: Membranes were probed with sheep polyclonal anti-Nucleocapsid anti-serum (MRC PPU & CVR Coronavirus Toolkit, Sheep No. DA116, 1:1000) , rabbit anti-Nucleocapsid (40643-T62, Sino Biological, 1:1000), anti-Spike (PAB21478-100, The Native Antigen Company, 1:1000), anti-SARS-CoV Membrane (ABIN1887462, Antibodies Online, 1:200), anti-MHV nucleocapsid J3.3 ( ) (1:200), anti-GAPDH (AM4300, Invitrogen, 1:4000) and anti-HSP90 (MA5-35624, Invitrogen, 1:2000).

Techniques: Western Blot, Infection, Derivative Assay, Control, Immunofluorescence, Microscopy, Staining, Marker, Immunoprecipitation, Silver Staining, Purification, Cell Culture

Journal: European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology

Article Title: Phytochemicals and micronutrients in suppressing infectivity caused by SARS-CoV-2 virions and seasonal coronavirus HCoV-229E in vivo

doi: 10.1556/1886.2023.00010

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of test composition on weight change, viral load and spike protein in lung tissue infected and re-infected with human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) . A. Effect of four-days of oral administration of MixV in K18-hACE2 mice with no significant weight change after 3 dpi and 5 dpi and oral administration of MixV with mid-term re-infection. B. The viral load in lung tissue after 3 dpi with oral administration of MixV and 5 dpi with oral administration and mid-term re-infection, determined by RT-qPCR as described in Materials and Methods section. C. Spike protein detection by WB in representative lung tissue samples. D. Quantification of spike protein performed as described in Materials and Methods section. Data are presented as mean ± SD; infected untreated animal n = 8, infected treated animal n = 8, re-infected untreated animal n = 8, re-infected treated animal n = 8; # P ≤ 0.05, ∆ P ≤ 0.01, dpi - days post-infection

Article Snippet: HCoV-229E anti-spike antibody was acquired from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA).

Techniques: Infection, Quantitative RT-PCR