Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Regulation of PKM2 expression and function by GLIS3 during metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidneys

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01676-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Representative images comparing whole kidney size between Glis3-KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K are shown. b , Violin plot depicting the KW/BW ratio (%) for WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. n ≥ 10; **** P < 0.0001. c , Representative hematoxylin and eosin-scanned images of kidney sections from Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Bars indicate 1 mm. d , Comparison of cystic index between Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Cystic index represents the percentage of renal tissue occupied by cysts. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 6 . ** P < 0.01. e , Comparison of renal cyst size (mm 2 ) between kidneys from Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 6; * P < 0.05. f , Comparison of the number of cysts per kidney section between Glis3 -KO2 kidneys treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 8; ** P < 0.01. g , Comparison of serum creatinine levels (mg/dl) between WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. h , RT–qPCR analysis of Pkm2 , c-Myc , Hk2 , Havcr1 and Lcn2 between WT and Glis3 -KO2 mice treated with vehicle or compound 3K. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n ≥ 5; **** P < 0.0001; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01; * P < 0.05. i , Schematic illustration depicting the relationship between loss of GLIS3 function, regulation of PKM2 and cystogenesis. GLIS3 deficiency enhances Pkm gene expression in kidneys with a preferential increase in the Pkm2 isoform. Increased PKM2 phosphorylation at S37 and Y105 promotes dimer formation. PKM2-S37 phosphorylation is facilitated by increased pERK1/2 levels. Together, these events promote glycolysis, cell proliferation and cystogenesis in GLIS3-deficient kidneys. Figure 6i was created using BioRender.com.

Article Snippet: To examine the effect of PKM2 inhibition on cyst formation, PND7 Glis3 -Pax8Cre mice were treated intraperitoneally with the PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3K (S8616; Selleckchem Chemicals) (10 mg/kg) or vehicle control (10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 90% corn oil) every 24 h for 7 days.

Techniques: Comparison, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Regulation of PKM2 expression and function by GLIS3 during metabolic reprogramming in polycystic kidneys

doi: 10.1038/s12276-026-01676-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Immunoblot analysis of PKM2 protein levels in WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECS 3 days after siRNA-mediated PKM2-KD. Protein expression was quantified by densitometric analysis. Data are presented as mean ± s.e.m., n = 5; *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.01. b , Analysis of lactate production in media from primary WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECs with or without PKM2-KD. c , Glycolytic rate was measured in primary WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC mice with or without PKM2-KD using a Seahorse analyzer after sequential injections of rotenone/antimycin A and 2-DG. d , e , Basal ( d ) and compensatory ( e ) glycolysis were calculated and plotted ( n = 3). f , Representative images of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids with and without PKM2-KD at 5 and 9 days. Bars indicate 50 μm. g , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated at day 5 from WT and Glis3 -KO2 RECs with or without PKM2-KD ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. h , Spheroid images at day 5 were taken using the EVOS M7000, and spheroid diameter and number were analyzed using ImageJ and plotted according to size distribution—either 30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group ( n = 39–164). i , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated at day 9 from WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC mice with or without PKM2-KD ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001. j , Day 10 spheroid size distribution—either 30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group ( n = 60–191). k , Representative image of the size of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids 5 days following treatment with vehicle (0.1% DMSO) or compound 3K (1 μM). Bars indicate 50 μm. l , Violin plot showing the size (µm) distribution of the spheroids generated from the RECs of WT and Glis3 -KO2 kidneys ( n ≥ 4). Each data point represents an individual spheroid measurement. **** P < 0.0001. m , Size distribution—30–50, 50–100 or >100 μm of WT and Glis3 -KO2 REC spheroids with or without PKM2 inhibition. Total indicates the number of spheroids analyzed in each group (n = 39–164).

Article Snippet: To examine the effect of PKM2 inhibition on cyst formation, PND7 Glis3 -Pax8Cre mice were treated intraperitoneally with the PKM2 inhibitor, compound 3K (S8616; Selleckchem Chemicals) (10 mg/kg) or vehicle control (10% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 90% corn oil) every 24 h for 7 days.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Generated, Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mean plasma pantoprazole concentration (logarithmic scale) vs. time (hr) profiles for neonatal calves ( n = 9) following intravenous (IV) single dose administration of 1.0 mg/kg of pantoprazole.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pantoprazole pharmacokinetic parameters following a single intravenous (1 mg/kg) administration to neonatal Holstein calves.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tissue concentrations of pantoprazole sulfone (μg/g) in collected tissues 1, 3, and 5 days after intravenous administration of pantoprazole (1 mg/kg) from study calves.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques:

Journal: Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Article Title: Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Levels of Pantoprazole in Neonatal Calves After Intravenous Administration

doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.580735

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparisons of pharmacokinetic parameters of pantoprazole in domestic animal species, after single dose intravenous administration.

Article Snippet: Pantoprazole sulfone (Toronto Research Chemicals, Ontario, Canada) became the analyte spiked into blank tissue samples to generate calibration spikes and QC samples.

Techniques: