Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles stimulate chondrocytes and cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40854-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: MenSC-EV effect on chondrocytes in 3D pellets, after 3 days of treatment and chondrogenic induction by MenSC-EVs in a chondrogenic medium containing TGF-β3 (10 ng/mL) for 21 days. A Histological evaluation of the chondrogenic pellets stained with safranin-O and toluidin blue, x400; B RT-qPCR of TGFBR2 and COL2A1 gene expression in MenSC-EV with TGF-β3-treated pellets compared to TGF-β3 alone. Relative mRNA level presented after normalization to two housekeeping genes (B2M and RPS9). Fold change on y axis represent TGF-β3 + EV/TGF-β3 ratio. * represent p ≤ 0.05 (one-way ANOVA test).

Article Snippet: COL2A1 , Hs01060345_m1 , Collagen type II alpha 1 chain.

Techniques: Staining, Quantitative RT-PCR, Gene Expression

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cell extracellular vesicles stimulate chondrocytes and cartilage extracellular matrix synthesis in vitro

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-40854-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of cartilage explants, after treatment with MenSC-EVs. Collagen type II (COL2A1), aggrecan (ACAN), transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2), metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1), metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13), cathepsin K (CTSK), estrogen receptor 1 alpha (ESR1) and progesterone (PGR) receptor genes were evaluated in explants after 7 days in culture. Relative mRNA level presented after normalization to two housekeeping genes (B2M and RPS9). Fold change on y axis represents EV/Control ratio. * represents p ≤ 0.05 (non-parametric Mann Whithey test).

Article Snippet: COL2A1 , Hs01060345_m1 , Collagen type II alpha 1 chain.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR in 2D and 3D-like in vitro cultures. (A) COL2A1 , ACAN , and HAS-2 expression in 2D culture; (B) COL1A1 , IL-6 , TNF-α , and MMP-13 expression in 2D culture; (C) COL2A1 , ACAN , and HAS-2 expression in 3D-like culture; (D) COL1A1 , IL-6 , TNF-α , and MMP-13 expression in 3D-like culture. Data were normalized to pathological untreated cells (pCTR). Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Quantitative RT-PCR, In Vitro, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: Protein expression levels evaluation by WB of COL2A1, ACAN and HAS-2 after 48 h (A) and 96 h (B) of GAG-based treatments. Protein expression levels evaluation by WB of COMP-2, NF-κB and MMP-13 after 48 h (C) and 96 h (D) of GAG-based treatments. Densitometric analyses were performed by normalizing each protein expression vs . ACTIN. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Article Title: Biomechanical and biological features of hyaluronic acid in combination with chondroitin and platelet rich plasma for regenerative medicine applications

doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2025.1607469

Figure Lengend Snippet: IF staining and quantification of COL2A1 and ACAN in 2D and 3D-like in vitro culture. (A) IF images of COL2A1 in 2D culture; (B) IF images of ACAN in 2D culture; (C) quantification of COL2A1 mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 2D culture; (D) quantification of ACAN mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 2D culture; (E) IF images of COL2A1 in 3D-like culture; (F) IF images of ACAN in 3D-like culture; (G) quantification of COL2A1 mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 3D-like culture; (H) quantification of ACAN mean pixel fluorescence intensity in 3D-like culture. Representative micrographs: FITC green antibody was used for collagen and aggrecan detection, while nuclei were stained in blue and cytoskeleton in red. Scale bar 10 μm, objective magnification ×40. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Statistical analysis was performed using a t-test: *p < 0.05 vs . pCTR; #p < 0.05 for HHA/BC+PRP vs . HHA/BC.

Article Snippet: For all the samples, a solution containing Triton X-100 at 0.2% v/v (Sigma Aldrich, Milan, Italy) in PBS was employed to permeabilize the chondrocytes, after that, the primary antibodies against COL2A1 (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) and ACAN (Elabscience, Houston, TX, United States) (diluted 1:100 v/v) were incubated with the samples overnight at 4 °C.

Techniques: Staining, In Vitro, Fluorescence