Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: Viability of CHO-K1 cells after 24 h of treatment with D. superbus ( A ) and P. paradoxus ( B ) expressed as a percentage of the DMSO control (set to 100%). Data are presented as mean ± STD from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Control

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The cytotoxic effects of D. superbus extracts ( A ) and P. paradoxus ( B ) extracts on CHO-K1 cells under the CBMN assay in the absence and presence of MMC. Data represents the mean values from three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques:

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different D. superbus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h either with DMSO at 0.3% (NC), MMC at 0.025 µg/mL or 3 different concentrations of D. superbus extract, 6.3, 12.5 and 25 µg/mL. Then cells were incubated with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B for another 24 h. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0155, *** p = 0.0006, **** p < 0.0001). Micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: Micronuclei frequency (%) = binucleated cells with MN /binucleated cells *100. ( B ) Representative microscopic images showing micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective. CHO-K1 cell DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different D. superbus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells in the presence of MMC. Cells were treated for 24 h either with DMSO (NC), MMC at 0.025 µg/mL or in combnation of MMC and of D. superbus extract at 3 different concentrations 6.3, 12.5 and 25 µg/mL 24 h, then incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B for another 24 h. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0155, *** p = 0.0006, **** p < 0.0001). Micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: Micronuclei frequency (%) = binucleated cells with MN /binucleated cells *100. ( B ) Representative images illustrating micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells after exposure to MMC alone or in combination with the highest tested concentration of D. superbus extract.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Concentration Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different P. paradoxus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with 3 different concentrations of P. paradoxus extract, 12.5, 25 and 50 µg/mL or MMC at 0.025 µg/mL, then followed by 24 h incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with the NC control. (* p = 0.0435, ** p = 0.0019, *** p = 0.0007, **** p < 0.0001). ( B ) The micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective. CHO-K1 cells’ DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Genotoxic potential of Dianthus superbus var. superbus and Petasites paradoxus (Retz.) Baumg. methanolic extracts in Chinese hamster ovary cells

doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-50267-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) The effect of different P. paradoxus extract treatments on the micronuclei frequency (%) in CHO-K1 cells. Cells were treated for 24 h with 3 different concentrations of P. paradoxus extract, in the presence of MMC, then followed by 24 h of incubation with 3 µg/mL of cytochalasin B. Graphs represent data collected from 3 independent experiments. One-way ANOVA, Tukey’s multiple comparisons test using GraphPad Prism 7 software, was applied to calculate statistical significance in comparison with NC control. (* p = 0.0435, ** p = 0.0019, *** p = 0.0007, **** p < 0.0001). in micronuclei frequency (%) was calculated from the following Equation: ( B ) Representative microscopic images showing micronuclei formation in binucleated CHO-K1 cells, observed with a 40× objective after 24 treated with 0.025 µg/mL MMC alone or MMC + P. paradoxus extract at 25 µg/mL. CHO-K1 cell DNA was stained with Hoechst dye. Green arrows indicate the micronuclei, and the white line, labelled 50 μm, represents the scale bar in the image.

Article Snippet: The CHO-K1 cell line (603480) was purchased from CLS Cell Lines Service (GmbH, Germany).

Techniques: Incubation, Software, Comparison, Control, Staining

Journal: Oncogenesis

Article Title: Teriflunomide modulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and enhances antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41389-026-00607-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Body weight of hPD-1 knock-in mice during the treatment period. The mice were treated with vehicle or TER (10 or 30 mpk) for the indicated time. B Spleen weight of mice at the endpoint of the experiment. C Tumor volume was measured over time in hPD-1 knock-in mice bearing hPD-L1 MC38 tumors treated with vehicle or TER (10 or 30 mpk). Representative images of excised tumors from each group are shown. D Tumor weight at the endpoint of the experiment. E Flow cytometry analysis of CD8 + T-cell populations in tumors from each treatment group. F PD-L1 expression in tumors from each group, as assessed by western blot analysis. GAPDH was used as a loading control. G IHC staining of tumor sections for immune-related markers, including CD8 + T cells and GrB. Representative images from each group are shown, and the quantitation of marker-positive cells per field is presented. * <0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, and **** p < 0.0001 compared with the respective control.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Jurkat-T cells expressing human PD-1 and an NFAT reporter gene (hPD-1/NFAT Jurkat-T cells, #60535) and recombinant CHO-K1 cells expressing human PD-L1 and a T-cell receptor (TCR) activator (hPD-L1/TCR CHO-K1 cells, #60536) were obtained from BPS Bioscience.

Techniques: Knock-In, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitation Assay, Marker

Journal: Oncogenesis

Article Title: Teriflunomide modulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and enhances antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer

doi: 10.1038/s41389-026-00607-3

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Body weight of hPD-1 knock-in mice during the treatment period. The mice were treated with vehicle or TER (30 mpk) and received either an isotype control or a CD8 depletion antibody. B Spleen weight of mice at the endpoint of the experiment. C Tumor volume was measured in hPD-1 knock-in mice bearing hPD-L1 MC38 tumors over time following treatment with vehicle or TER (30 mpk) with or without CD8 depletion. Representative images of excised tumors from each group are shown. D Tumor weight at the endpoint of the experiment. E Flow cytometry analysis confirming CD8 + T-cell depletion in tumors from each treatment group. The proportion of CD8 + cells among total live cells was quantified. F IHC staining of tumor sections for CD8 + T cells and GrB. Representative images from each treatment group are shown, and the quantitation of marker-positive cells per field is presented. * <0.05, ** p < 0.01, and **** p < 0.0001 compared with the respective control.

Article Snippet: Recombinant Jurkat-T cells expressing human PD-1 and an NFAT reporter gene (hPD-1/NFAT Jurkat-T cells, #60535) and recombinant CHO-K1 cells expressing human PD-L1 and a T-cell receptor (TCR) activator (hPD-L1/TCR CHO-K1 cells, #60536) were obtained from BPS Bioscience.

Techniques: Knock-In, Control, Flow Cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Quantitation Assay, Marker