Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CGRP (10 nM) enhanced excitatory synaptic transmission in the IC. a Schematic diagram (left) and representative recording diagram (right) showed the placement of stimulating and recording electrodes in the IC. b Top: sample traces of EPSCs with single-pulse stimulation during the baseline, the application of CGRP and washout period. Bottom: a time course plot of a representative single example. c The averaged data showed the amplitude significantly increased during the application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period when compared with baseline. The 1 nM CGRP were used as a control, indicating the dose-dependent characteristic of the effect of CGRP ( n = 9 neurons/6 mice for 10 nM CGRP, filled circles; n = 6 neurons/4 mice for 1 nM CGRP, open circles)

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Control

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The potentiation induced by CGRP was NMDA receptor independent. a An NMDA receptor antagonist, AP5 (50 μM), did not affect the CGRP induced potentiation. Left: a time line plot of one representative sample. Right: sample traces showed the increased of the amplitude during the application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period. b Left: the pooled data illustrated the time course of the effect of CGRP (10 nM) in the IC. Right: summarized data showed the amplitude significantly increased during the application of CGRP and washout period when compared with baseline ( n = 8 neurons/5 mice). ** p < 0.01 compared with baseline, error bars indicated SEM

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CGRP1 receptor was involved in the potentiation induced by CGRP. The peptide CGRP1 receptor antagonist CGRP 8–37 (1 μM) ( a ) and non-peptide CGRP1 receptor antagonist BIBN 4096 (1 μM) ( b ) were applied during the baseline and added CGRP periods. Top: sample traces showed the amplitude of the baseline, application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period for CGRP 8–37 (1 μM) ( a ) and BIBN 4096 (1 μM) ( b ). Middle: a time line plot of one representative sample for CGRP 8–37 (1 μM) ( a ) and BIBN 4096 (1 μM) ( b ). Bottom: Pooled data showed no differences among baseline, applied CGRP and washout periods for CGRP 8–37 (1 μM, n = 7 neurons/5 mice) ( a ) and BIBN 4096 (1 μM, n = 8 neurons/4 mice) ( b )

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CGRP altered paired-pulse ratio in the IC. a Left: a time line plot of one representative sample. Right: sample traces of this neuron. b The time courses plot (left) and histograms (right) for the pooled data illustrated that PPR significantly decreased during the application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period when compared with baseline ( n = 9 neurons/6 mice). c CGRP1 receptor antagonist CGRP 8–37 (left) and non-peptide CGRP1 receptor antagonist BIBN 4096 (right) blocked the decrease of PPR after applied CGRP (CGRP 8–37 , n = 7 neurons/5 mice; BIBN 4096, n = 8 neurons/4 mice). ** p < 0.01 compared with baseline, error bars indicated SEM

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CGRP increased the frequency of sEPSCs. a Representative traces of the sEPSCs recorded in the IC neurons before and after applied CGRP (10 nM). b Cumulative fraction of inter-event interval (left) and amplitude (right) of the sEPSCs in the phase of baseline (black line) and CGRP application (red line). c Statistic results of the frequency (left) and amplitude (right) of sEPSCs ( n = 9 neurons/6 mice). * p < 0.05, error bars indicated SEM

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: CGRP increased the frequency of mEPSCs. a Representative traces of the mEPSCs recorded in the IC neurons before and after applied CGRP (10 nM). b Cumulative fraction of inter-event interval (left) and amplitude (right) of the mEPSCs in the phase of baseline (black line) and CGRP application (red line). c Statistic results of the frequency (left) and amplitude (right) of mEPSCs ( n = 9 neurons/5 mice). ** p < 0.01, error bars indicated SEM

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: AC1-PKA signal pathways were involved in the CGRP induced potentiation. a Selective AC1 inhibitor, NB001 (50 μM) attenuated the effect of CGRP (10 nM) in the IC. Top: sample traces showed the amplitude of the baseline, application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period for NB001 (50 μM). Middle: representative sample of EPSCs did not significantly change before and after added CGRP. Bottom: The averaged data did not show significant differences after applying CGRP ( n = 7 neurons/5 mice). b PKA inhibitor, KT5720 (1 μM) inhibited the effect of CGRP (10 nM) in the IC. Top: Original traces showed the amplitude of the baseline, application of CGRP (10 nM) and washout period for KT5720 (1 μM). Middle: representative sample of EPSCs failed to show significant changes before and after added CGRP. Bottom: The averaged data did not find significant differences after applying CGRP ( n = 7 neurons/4 mice)

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Brain

Article Title: Cortical potentiation induced by calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the insular cortex of adult mice

doi: 10.1186/s13041-020-00580-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: The proposed model for signaling pathways of CGRP induced potentiation. Left: a simplified diagram showed that the PBN is the prominent location of CGRP- expressing neurons in the CNS, which projects to the IC and other regions. Right: a synaptic model for the CGRP induced potentiation in the IC. CGRP likely causes the potentiation by enhancing presynaptic release of glutamate, although we cannot completely rule out the possibility of postsynaptic action. The calcium-stimulated AC1 is critical for CGRP induced potentiation and downstream protein kinase PKA is also required

Article Snippet: The chemicals and drugs used in this study were as follows: α-CGRP and CGRP 8–37 were obtained from BACHEM AG (Bubendorf, Switzerland).

Techniques: Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing