Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Primer and probe sequences used for the TaqMan real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequencing

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)–induced mechanical sensitization of an increased proportion of knee afferents following monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) injection. A and B, CGRP significantly increased the mechanical evoked firing rates (action potentials per second [APs/s]) of joint afferents in saline-treated (A) and MIA-treated (B) rats ( P < 0.001 by 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test). Values are the mean ± SEM maximum sensitizing effects of CGRP over each 1-hour recording period (n = 9 MIA-treated rats; n = 5 saline-treated rats). C, CGRP administration reduced mechanical thresholds (minimum stimulus evoking ≥2 action potentials) in saline-treated rats to a level not significantly different from that in MIA-treated rats ( P > 0.05 for comparisons of 0.5 μg or 10 μg of CGRP versus controls, by Mann-Whitney t -test). Mechanical thresholds in MIA-treated rats were unaltered by CGRP administration. Each circle represents an individual rat (n = 7–9 MIA treated and n = 5 saline treated); horizontal lines show the median. D, The percentage of fibers sensitized by CGRP was greater in MIA-treated rats than in saline-treated rats ( P < 0.001 by Fisher's exact test). ∗ = P < 0.05; ∗∗ = P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ = P < 0.001 by Mann-Whitney t -test. vFH = von Frey hair; NS = not significant.

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Injection, Saline, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of knee afferent mechanical evoked firing by the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP 8–37 in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)–treated rats. Representative examples of knee afferent mechanical evoked (8-, 10-, or 15-gm von Frey monofilaments) response data recorded before and after administration of 10 μg of CGRP 8–37 in a saline-treated rat (A) and an MIA-treated rat (B) are shown. The inhibitory effects of CGRP 8–37 were more pronounced following MIA treatment. Results are represented as rate histograms (1-second bins) of action potential firing of knee afferents (single units) in response to stimulation at the indicated von Frey monofilament level. Insets show an overlay of a representative fiber recording with the corresponding conduction velocity (CV; in meters/second), demonstrating single-fiber recordings; both are Aδ fibers.

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Inhibition, Saline

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ablation of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)–induced and medial meniscus transection (MMT)–induced mechanical sensitization of joint afferents by the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist CGRP 8–37. CGRP 8–37 had no effect on mechanically evoked responses (action potentials per second [APs/s]) of joint afferents in saline-treated (A) and sham-operated (D) rats, whereas it significantly inhibited mechanically evoked responses in MIA-treated (B) and MMT-operated (E) rats ( P < 0.0001 for each comparison versus its corresponding control, by 2-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post hoc test). Values are the mean ± SEM responses over each 1-hour recording period (n = 8 saline-treated, 6 sham-operated, 9 MIA-treated, and 8 MMT-operated rats). CGRP 8–37 had no effect on mechanical thresholds (minimum stimulus evoking ≥2 action potentials) in saline-treated (C) or sham-operated (F) rats. However, in MIA-treated (C) and MMT-operated (F) rats, thresholds in the presence of 10 μg of CGRP 8–37 were increased, reversing the osteoarthritis-induced reduction of mechanical thresholds. Each circle represents an individual rat (n = 6–9 per group); horizontal lines show the median. ∗ = P < 0.05; ∗∗ = P < 0.01; ∗∗∗ = P < 0.001, by Mann-Whitney t -test. vFH = von Frey hair.

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Saline, Comparison, Control, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of mRNA for calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor components in knee joint–innervating L3–L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and modulation of the levels following treatment with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). A, Expression of mRNA for CGRP was significantly reduced 28 days after MIA treatment. B, Calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) expression was increased 28 days after MIA treatment. C, Levels of receptor activity–modifying protein 1 (RAMP-1) were unaltered, both on day 14 and on day 28 after MIA treatment. D, Levels of mRNA for CGRP receptor component protein (CRCP) were reduced 14 days after MIA treatment. There was a small but significant increase in CRCP expression 28 days after MIA treatment. Results were normalized to β-actin expression (which was unchanged between groups and treatments). Data are shown as box plots. Each box represents the 25th to 75th percentiles (n = 6–8 rats per group). Lines inside the boxes represent the median. Lines outside the boxes represent the 10th and 90th percentiles. ∗ = P < 0.05; ∗∗ = P < 0.01 by Mann-Whitney t -test.

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.j.)

Article Title: Peripheral Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Activation and Mechanical Sensitization of the Joint in Rat Models of Osteoarthritis Pain

doi: 10.1002/art.38656

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coexpression of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor components calcitonin-like receptor (CLR) and receptor component protein (CRCP [RCP]) by knee afferent neurons and increased CLR expression following treatment with monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). A1–A4, CLR is expressed on knee afferents (arrows) and non–knee afferent neuronal cell bodies (∗) in ipsilateral L4 dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). Slides incubated with anti–neuronal nuclei (anti-NeuN) antibodies or with Fluoro-Gold (FG) are also shown. Bar = 34 μm. B1–B4, CRCP is coexpressed with CLR on knee afferent neurons (arrows) and non–knee afferent neurons (∗). Bar = 40 μm. C, The numbers of medium (30–40 μm in diameter) and large (40–50 μm in diameter) CLR-positive knee afferents were significantly increased in MIA-treated rats. CLR-positive knee afferent cell counts were analyzed according to diameter ranges similar to those described in a previously published report . Values are the mean ± SEM of 7 rats per group. ∗ = P < 0.05 by Mann-Whitney t -test.

Article Snippet: MIA (Sigma), rat α-CGRP (Sigma), rat CGRP 8–37 (Tocris Bioscience), and 2% Fluoro-Gold (Fluorochrome) were dissolved in sterile saline.

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Therapeutic interleukin-2 rewires skeletal-immune circuits to reverse postmenopausal bone loss

doi: 10.64898/2026.01.07.696511

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematics of the experiment. Rag1 -/- female mice received daily subcutaneous injections of low-dose IL-2 (30,000 I.U.) or PBS for 4 weeks, 4 weeks after ovariectomy or sham operation. (B) Representative 3D μCT images of the distal femurs. (C) Quantification of μCT images by BV/TV (bone volume per tissue volume), Tb.N (trabecular number), Tb.Sp (trabecular separation), and Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), n=7-10 per group, bar indicates mean, one-way ANOVA, ∗P<0.05, ∗∗P<0.01. (D) Representative histological images of bone sections stained with H&E (top), TRAP (middle), and anti-TRAP immunohistochemistry (bottom) to evaluate the abundance of osteoclasts on bone surface. (E) UMAP visualization of bone marrow innate lymphoid cell (ILC) subsets from scRNA-seq data (Left) with key genes identifying ILC2s and ILC1s/ILC3s subclusters (Right). (F) Split UMAP visualization showing the distribution of bone marrow ILCs in each treatment group. (G) Pie charts showing the ratio of ILC2s to ILC1s/ILC3s. (H-I) Representative flow cytometry plots (H) and the quantification of BM-ILC2s (Lin - CD45 + CD127 + ST2 + Sca-1 + ) in WT and Rag1 -/- mice (I) . (J) Volcano plot of bulk RNA-seq data from purified ILC2s showing differential expression between control and IL-2 treated groups. (K) GO Pathway enrichment analysis of ILC2s comparing OVX vs. OVX + IL-2 groups from scRNA-seq data. (L-M) FACS sorted bone marrow CD3 - B220 - NK1.1 - CD11b + cells and ILC2s (Lin - CD45 + CD127 + Sca-1 + ST2 + ) from WT, Il10 -/- , Calca -/- and Il10 -/- Calca -/- (DKO) were cocultured at indicated ratios, in the presence of 20 ng/ml M-CSF and 50 ng/ml RANKL. Osteoclast formation was evaluated by TRAP staining. Representative images (L) and quantification (M) of TRAP + multinucleated (nuclei > 3) cells. Representative of at least 3 independent experiments. Bar indicates mean, one-way ANOVA, ∗∗P<0.01, ∗∗∗P<0.001, ∗∗∗∗P<0.0001. (N) Flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood ILC2s in healthy donors (n=27) compared to patients with osteoporosis (n=17). T-test, ∗P<0.05. (O) Pearson correlation analysis between ILC2s and clinical samples with available BMD T-score, n=24, black indicates healthy donor, red indicates osteoporosis patients.

Article Snippet: The concentrations of IL-10 and CGRP in cultured ILC2 supernatants were measured using mouse IL-10 ELISA Kit (Biolegend) and CGRP ELISA kit (Boster), according to the manufacturer’s instruction.

Techniques: Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Flow Cytometry, RNA Sequencing, Purification, Quantitative Proteomics, Control

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effects of increasing concentrations of AEA on BBB permeability measured by TEER (A) with corresponding AUC (B) ( n = 9 inserts from three separate experiments). The effects of capsazepine (Cpz) (C) ( n = 7 inserts from three separate experiments) or AM630 (D) ( n = 7–8 inserts from three separate experiments) or CGRP (E) ( n = 5–6 inserts from three separate experiments) on the effect of AEA (10 μM). The effects of dexamethasone ( n = 6) and the CB 2 agonist HU308 on BBB permeability over time (F) and expressed as AUC (G). Data are given as mean ± SEM. * * * P < 0.001, * * P < 0.01, * P < 0.05; AEA compared with vehicle-treated inserts; †† P < 0.01; AEA and antagonist compared with AEA alone; # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01; HU308 compared with vehicle; one-way anova with Dunnett's (B) or Bonferroni's test (C,D,E).

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques: Permeability

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression profiling of potential target sites of action in HA and HBMEC cells. Shown are the ethidium bromide-stained gels of the products obtained by RT-PCR using primers specific for PPARα, PPARγ, CB 1 receptors, CB 2 receptors, TRPV1 channels, CGRP receptors and the control gene HPRT. cDNAs generated in the presence (+) or absence (−) of reverse transcriptase on total RNA from HA or HBMEC cells were used as template for the PCRs. The 100 bp DNA ladder was used in all gels except for PPARα and PPARγ where a 10 bp ladder was used. Sizes are in base pairs.

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Generated, Reverse Transcription

Journal: British Journal of Pharmacology

Article Title: Endocannabinoids modulate human blood–brain barrier permeability in vitro

doi: 10.1111/bph.13106

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: AM251, AM630, GW6471, GW9662 (all 100 nM), capsazepine, O-1918 (both 1 μM) (all dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) and CGRP 8–37 (2 μM, dissolved in distilled water) were all purchased from Tocris and URB597 (1 μM, dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide) was purchased from Sigma (Dorset, UK).

Techniques: