Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Induced by Exposure to Commonly Used e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals and Flavored e-Liquids without Nicotine

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percent viability of U937 cells 24 h post-exposure to e-cigarette flavoring chemicals, i.e., acetoin, diacetyl, pentanedione, cinnamaldehyde, maltol, o-vanillin, and coumarin at concentrations between 10 μM and 1,000 μM. U937 monocytes were treated with e-cigarette flavoring chemicals at varying concentrations and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO 2 for 24 h. Cells were rinsed with PBS and stained with AO/PI dye. The viability of the cells was assessed using the Cellometer 2000. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = minimum 3 per group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparison test). *** p < 0.001 vs. Control.

Article Snippet: Finally, 20 μL of stained cells were then added to a Cellometer counting chamber and analyzed using a fluorescent Cellometer (Nexcelom Bioscience, Lawrence MA).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Induced by Exposure to Commonly Used e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals and Flavored e-Liquids without Nicotine

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percent viability of Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells 24 h post-exposure to e-cigarette flavoring chemicals, i.e., acetoin, diacetyl, pentanedione, cinnamaldehyde, maltol, o-vanillin, and coumarin at concentrations 100 and 1,000 μM. Mono Mac 6 cells were treated with e-cigarette flavoring chemicals and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO 2 for 24 h. Cells were rinsed with PBS and stained with AO/PI dye. The viability of the cells was assessed using the Cellometer 2000. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 3 per group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparison test). ** p < 0.01 vs. Control.

Article Snippet: Finally, 20 μL of stained cells were then added to a Cellometer counting chamber and analyzed using a fluorescent Cellometer (Nexcelom Bioscience, Lawrence MA).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Physiology

Article Title: Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses Induced by Exposure to Commonly Used e-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals and Flavored e-Liquids without Nicotine

doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01130

Figure Lengend Snippet: Percent viability of U937 cells 24 h post-exposure to e-liquid base propylene glycol and selected nicotine-free e-liquids, i.e., Strawberry Zing, Café Latte, Pineapple Coconut, Cinnamon Roll, Fruit Swirl, Mega Melons, Mystery Mix, American Tobacco, Grape Vape, Very Berry, and mixed flavors at two concentrations 0.25% and 0.5%. U937 monocytes were treated with e-liquids at two concentrations, 0.25% and 0.5% (mixed e-liquid treatment only at 0.5%) for 24 h. Cells were then rinsed with PBS and stained with AO/PI. The viability of the cells was assessed using the Cellometer 2000. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM ( n = 5 per treatment group). Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA (Tukey's multiple comparison test). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. control.

Article Snippet: Finally, 20 μL of stained cells were then added to a Cellometer counting chamber and analyzed using a fluorescent Cellometer (Nexcelom Bioscience, Lawrence MA).

Techniques: Staining