Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: A hydrogen peroxide economizer for on-demand oxygen production-assisted robust sonodynamic immunotherapy

doi: 10.7150/thno.64862

Figure Lengend Snippet: MFC characterization. (A) Schematic illustration of the synthetic procedures for engineered MFCs. (B-D) TEM and SEM images of Fe-PDAP. (E-G) TEM and SEM images of MFC. (H) Size distribution of Fe-PDAP, FC, and MFC. (I) Zeta potentials of Fe-PDAP, FC, and MFC. (J) UV/vis absorption spectra of Fe-PDAP, Ce6, FC, and MFC. (K) XRD patterns of MFC and Fe-PDAP. (L) XPS high-resolution Fe2p spectrum of MFC. (M) Elemental mappings of MFC.

Article Snippet: Ce6 was obtained from J&K Chemical Co. aPD-1 was provided by BioxCell (clone: RMP1-14, catalog no. BE0146).

Techniques:

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: A hydrogen peroxide economizer for on-demand oxygen production-assisted robust sonodynamic immunotherapy

doi: 10.7150/thno.64862

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro on demand catalase-like activity of the NPs and the H 2 O 2 content during treatment. (A) Ce6 controlled release of MFC triggered by US irradiation. (B) TEM of MFC after US exposure. (C) Schematic illustration of the therapeutic mechanism in the presence of US-detachable catalase-like nanozymes. (D) The production of O 2 by different NPs with or without US irradiation. (E) Extracellular H 2 O 2 content after different treatments measured by Amplex Red. (F) Intracellular H 2 O 2 content after different treatments measured by Amplex Red. (G) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of RDPP in 4T1 cells after different treatments. Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Ce6 was obtained from J&K Chemical Co. aPD-1 was provided by BioxCell (clone: RMP1-14, catalog no. BE0146).

Techniques: In Vitro, Activity Assay, Irradiation, Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: A hydrogen peroxide economizer for on-demand oxygen production-assisted robust sonodynamic immunotherapy

doi: 10.7150/thno.64862

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro cytotoxicity assay and therapeutic effects. (A) ESR spectra of MFC with or without US irradiation. (B) Quantitative analysis of ROS production by MFC with or without US irradiation using SOSG as a probe. (C) Cell viability of 4T1 cells after incubation with MFC for 24 h. (D) Cell viability of 4T1 cells after treatment with Ce6 or MFC at various concentrations of Ce6 after exposure to US irradiation. (E) CLSM images of 4T1 cells and SKOV3 cells stained with DCFH-DA after different treatments among different groups. Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) CLSM images of 4T1 cells costained with PI and calcein-AM after different treatments. Scale bar: 100 μm. (G) Representative CLSM images showing CRT exposure on 4T1 tumor cells after different treatments. scale bar = 25 μm.

Article Snippet: Ce6 was obtained from J&K Chemical Co. aPD-1 was provided by BioxCell (clone: RMP1-14, catalog no. BE0146).

Techniques: In Vitro, Cytotoxicity Assay, Irradiation, Incubation, Staining

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: A hydrogen peroxide economizer for on-demand oxygen production-assisted robust sonodynamic immunotherapy

doi: 10.7150/thno.64862

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro active targeting effects of MFC. (A) SDS-PAGE analysis of MFC, cancer cell membranes, and FC. (B-C) CLSM images of the 4T1 cells incubated with FC and MFC, and the corresponding quantitative fluorescence intensity of Ce6. Scale bar: 100 μm. (D-E) CLSM images of 4T1 cells treated with FC cloaked with different cancer cell membranes and the corresponding quantitative fluorescence intensity of Ce6. Scale bar: 100 μm. (F) Intracellular Fe content in 4T1 cells after treatment with FC cloaked with different cancer cell membranes. (G-H) CLSM images of 4T1 cells stained with DCFH-DA after treatment with FC cloaked with different cancer cell membranes and the corresponding fluorescence intensity of DCF. Scale bar: 100 μm.

Article Snippet: Ce6 was obtained from J&K Chemical Co. aPD-1 was provided by BioxCell (clone: RMP1-14, catalog no. BE0146).

Techniques: In Vitro, SDS Page, Incubation, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (vis+wIRA) and Chlorine e6 (Ce6) Eradicates Planktonic Periodontal Pathogens and Subgingival Biofilms

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01900

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagrams of the CFUs depicting the photodynamic efficiency against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria within the subgingival biofilm, respectively. Ce6 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml served as the photosensitizer. An untreated negative control and a 0.2% CHX-treated positive control were also tested, along with Ce6-treated biofilms in the absence of vis+wIRA and vis+wIRA-treated biofilms in the absence of Ce6. The CFUs are presented on a Log 10 scale per milliliter (Log 10 /ml). Data shown are means ± SD ( n = 6).

Article Snippet: The photosensitizer used was Ce6 (C 34 H 36 N 4 O 6 , Apocare Pharma GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany).

Techniques: Bacteria, Concentration Assay, Negative Control, Positive Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: Photoinactivation Using Visible Light Plus Water-Filtered Infrared-A (vis+wIRA) and Chlorine e6 (Ce6) Eradicates Planktonic Periodontal Pathogens and Subgingival Biofilms

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01900

Figure Lengend Snippet: Boxplots illustrating percentages of the live bacteria as detected by live/dead staining after the application of photodynamic therapy against the subgingival biofilm. Ce6 at a concentration of 100 μg/ml served as the photosensitizer. An untreated negative control and a 0.2% CHX-treated positive control were also tested, along with Ce6-treated biofilms in the absence of vis+wIRA and vis+wIRA-treated biofilms in the absence of Ce6. The central line represents the median; whiskers indicate minimum and maximum.

Article Snippet: The photosensitizer used was Ce6 (C 34 H 36 N 4 O 6 , Apocare Pharma GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany).

Techniques: Bacteria, Staining, Concentration Assay, Negative Control, Positive Control

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: A scheme illustrating the chemical composition of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome, which can serve as a multifunctional theranostic agent for multimodal imaging and PDT-induced, hypoxia-activated cancer therapy.

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Characterization of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (a) DLS size distributions of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome and plain hCe6-liposome. (b) A TEM image of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (c) UV–vis-NIR absorbance spectra of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome, plain hCe6-liposome, and free AQ4N. (d) Singlet oxygen generation abilities of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome and plain hCe6-liposome determined by using SOSG, whose recovered fluorescence indicated the generation of single oxygen. The concentration of hCe6 was 5 μM in these experiments. The error bars were based on triplicate measurements.

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Concentration Assay

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intracellular internalization and cytotoxicity of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (a) CLSM observation of intracellular internalization profiles of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome, plain hCe6-liposome, and free AQ4N after incubation with 4T1 cells. DAPI, Ce6, and AQ4N were excited at 404, 488, and 633 nm, respectively. (b) Cytotoxicity of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome to 4T1 cells under normoxia and hypoxia conditions measured by the standard MTT assay. The error bars were based on triplicate measurements. (c) Cytotoxicity of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome to 4T1 cells in the presence or absence of 660 nm LED light irradiation recorded by the standard MTT assay. The error bars were based on triplicate measurements.

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: Incubation, MTT Assay, Irradiation

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo multimodal imaging and pharmacokinetic behaviors of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (a) PET images of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice with i.v. injection of 64Cu2+-labeled AQ4N-hCe6-liposome recorded at different time intervals p.i. The tumors are indicated with yellow arrows. (b) Quantification of AQ4N-64Cu-hCe6-liposome levels in the liver, heart, tumor, and muscle of 4T1 tumor bearing mice at various time points p.i. (c) Biodistribution of AQ4N-64Cu-hCe6-liposome in various organs and tissues of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice at 24 h p.i. as determined by 64Cu radioactivity measurement by a gamma counter. Error bars were based on the standard errors of the mean of triplicate samples. (d) PA imaging of tumor regions recorded before and 24 h post-i.v. injection of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (e) Fluorescence imaging of 4T1 tumor bearing mice with i.v. injection of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome at 1 and 24 h p.i. The tumors are indicated with black dashed circles. (f and g) Semiquantitatively analyzing the PA (f) and fluorescence (FL) signal (g) of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome in tumors based on the images shown in (d and e). Error bars were based on triplicate measurements.

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: In Vivo, Imaging, Injection, Labeling, Radioactivity, Fluorescence

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: Tumor hypoxia and blood vasculature evolutions induced by photodynamic treatment with AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (a) Ex vivo immunofluorescence staining of tumor slices collected from AQ4N-hCe6-liposome injected mice with different treatments. (b) Semiquantitative analysis of the percentages of positive hypoxia regions before and after 660 nm LED light irradiation based on the images shown in (a). I, II, III, and IV stand for those tumors collected before and at 5 min, 4 h, and 24 h post-irradiation with 660 nm LED light (2 mW cm−2, 1 h), respectively. (c) Ex vivo immunofluorescence staining showing the changes of blood vessels (green) in tumors collected from the 4T1-tumor bearing mice with i.v. injection of AQ4N-hCe6-liposome before and at 4 h post-660 nm LED light irradiation (2 mW cm−2, 1 h). (d) Semiquantitative analysis of the effective blood vessel areas, which appears as opened circles indicated with white arrows, in the slices shown in (c) using the Image-Pro Plus 6.0. software.

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: Ex Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Injection, Irradiation, Software

Journal: ACS nano

Article Title: Theranostic Liposomes with Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug to Effectively Destruct Hypoxic Tumors Post-Photodynamic Therapy

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07525

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo cancer combination therapy with sequentially activated AQ4N-hCe6-liposome. (a) Tumor growth curves of mice after various different treatments as indicated. V and Vo stand for the tumor volumes after and before the treatment, respectively. Error bars were based on five mice in each group. (b) Average tumor weights from different groups collected at 14 d after the treatment. (c and d) H&E (c) and TUNEL staining (d) of tumor slices collected from mice from various groups at 24 h post-660 nm LED light irradiation. Groups I, II, III, IV, and V stand for saline treatment (control), hCe6-liposome + L660 nm, hCe6-liposome + free AQ4N + L660 nm, AQ4N-hCe6-liposome only, −and AQ4N-hCe6-liposome + L660 nm in (d–f), respectively. L660 nm stands for 1 h irradiation with 660 nm LED light (2 mW cm2).

Article Snippet: For PET imaging, 4T1 tumor-bearing mice (3 mice per group) received i.v. injection of the 64 Cu-labeled AQ4N- h Ce6-liposome at a dose of ~10 MBq and were imaged using a microPET/microCT Inveon rodent model scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc.) at different time intervals.

Techniques: In Vivo, TUNEL Assay, Staining, Irradiation