Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Increased expression of CD36 and CD163 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma suggests an association between lipid transport and an “M2-like” macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1773666

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of CD68 and CD163 in ccRCC samples. (A) CD68 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. (B) Expression of CD68 was assessed using the available TCGA data (KIRC dataset). Tumors were grouped by the pathological tumor size (pT). (C) CD163 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. (D) Expression of CD163 was assessed using the available TCGA data (KIRC dataset). Tumors were grouped by the pathological tumor size (pT). Student’s t-test for two groups and one-way ANOVA for four groups; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001,****p<0.0001. (E) Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of ccRCC tumor tissues (representative of three patients) depicting CK (cytokeratin), CD163 and CD68 expression. White bar represents 200 μm (left) and 10 μm (right). (F) UMAP depicting clusters of single-cell data showing the expression of CD68 and CD163. Cell type annotations were adopted from the original publication . (G) Fraction of CD68+ cells co-expressing CD163 in RCC tumor tissue macrophage population. Positivity in scRNA-seq for CD68 and CD163 was defined from raw UMI counts as ≥1 UMI per gene (F) . (H) Flow cytometric analysis of CD45 on cells from central and peripheral ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent kidney. (I) As in (H) , analysis of CD163 on CD68+ cells from central and peripheral ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent kidney. Values were normalized to kidney controls. Representative histogram with geometric mean fluorescence intensities on the right. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett post-test comparing to kidney. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. (J) Data from (I) , tumor periphery, plotted as individual patients, depicting the portion of CD163+ and CD163neg cells.

Article Snippet: Reagents and antibodies used included FcR Blocking Reagent (Cat# 130-059-901), CD36 PE (Cat# 130-110-877), CD147 APC (Cat# 130-124-295), CD8a PE (Cat# 130-117-201), CD45 PE (Cat# 130-113-118), CD68 PE (Cat# 130-128-345), CD163 PE (Cat# 130-127-908), and pan-Cytokeratin APC (Cat# 130-123-091), all from Miltenyi Biotec.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Single Cell, Fluorescence

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Increased expression of CD36 and CD163 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma suggests an association between lipid transport and an “M2-like” macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1773666

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correlations of CD36 and Oil Red O with immunological markers. Data was obtained as in Figures 1 , . Observer-based histological scores were used to calculate the correlations. As these scores are ordinal, individual data points may overlap in scatter plots. The number of overlapping values is indicated by numbers in parentheses. Correlation statistics were performed using Pearson´s correlation coefficients, and p-values were two-tailed. (A) Correlations of CD36 with CD68, CD163 and CD3. (B) Correlations of Oil Red O scores to CD68, CD163 and CD3. (C) Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of ccRCC tumor tissues (representative of three patients) depicting CD68 and CD36 expression. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of CD36 on CD68+ cells from central and peripheral ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent kidney. Values were normalized to kidney controls. Representative histogram with geometric mean fluorescence intensities on the right. One-way ANOVA with Dunnett post-test comparing to kidney, n.s. (E) As in (D) , correlation of CD36 and CD163 expression on CD68+ cells. (F) UMAP depicting macrophage cluster with expression of CD68, CD163 and CD36 . (G-I) Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral tumor tissues, correlating the expression of CD36 on CD45neg cells to (G) CD163 on CD68+ cells, (H) the CD68+ cell frequencies and (I) the frequencies of CD3+ CD8+ cells. Pearson´s correlation, two-tailed p-value. (J, K) Lipidomics performed on five ccRCC tumors with correlations of CD163 expression (IHC, area staining intensity in J; histological score in K) and the levels of triacylglycerol (TG).

Article Snippet: Reagents and antibodies used included FcR Blocking Reagent (Cat# 130-059-901), CD36 PE (Cat# 130-110-877), CD147 APC (Cat# 130-124-295), CD8a PE (Cat# 130-117-201), CD45 PE (Cat# 130-113-118), CD68 PE (Cat# 130-128-345), CD163 PE (Cat# 130-127-908), and pan-Cytokeratin APC (Cat# 130-123-091), all from Miltenyi Biotec.

Techniques: Two Tailed Test, Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Expressing, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Increased expression of CD36 and CD163 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma suggests an association between lipid transport and an “M2-like” macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1773666

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of CD147 in ccRCC samples. (A) CD147 was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Student’s t-test, *p<0.05. (B) Expression of CD147 was assessed using the available TCGA data (KIRC dataset). (C) Correlations of CD147 expression to CD36 and CD163 using area staining intensity. (D) Correlations of CD147 expression to CD36 and CD163 using observer-based histological scores. As these scores are ordinal, individual data points may overlap in scatter plots. The number of overlapping values is indicated by numbers in parentheses. Correlation statistics were performed using Pearson´s correlation coefficients, and p-values were two-tailed. (E) Flow cytometric analysis of CD147 on CD45neg cells from central and peripheral ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent kidney. Values were normalized to kidney controls. Representative histogram with geometric mean fluorescence intensities on the right. (F) As in (E) , correlations of CD147 expression on CD45neg cells to CD36 in tumor periphery and tumor center. (G) Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of ccRCC tumor tissues (representative of three patients) depicting CD36 and CD147 expression. White bar represents 200 µm (left) and 10 µm (right). (H) UMAP depicting clusters of single-cell data from ccRCC patients showing the expression of CD147. Cell type annotations were adopted from the original publication . (I) . Flow cytometric analysis of CD147 on CD68+ cells from central and peripheral ccRCC tumor tissue and adjacent kidney. Values were normalized to kidney controls. Representative histogram with geometric mean fluorescence intensities on the right. (J) As in (I) , correlation of CD163 and CD147 expression on CD68+ cells. Pearson´s correlation, two-tailed p-value. (K) UMAP visualization of CD163 and BSG (CD147) expression on myeloid cells from ccRCC tumors, cell type annotations were adopted from the original publication .

Article Snippet: Reagents and antibodies used included FcR Blocking Reagent (Cat# 130-059-901), CD36 PE (Cat# 130-110-877), CD147 APC (Cat# 130-124-295), CD8a PE (Cat# 130-117-201), CD45 PE (Cat# 130-113-118), CD68 PE (Cat# 130-128-345), CD163 PE (Cat# 130-127-908), and pan-Cytokeratin APC (Cat# 130-123-091), all from Miltenyi Biotec.

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Two Tailed Test, Fluorescence, Multiplex Assay, Immunofluorescence, Imaging, Single Cell

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Increased expression of CD36 and CD163 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma suggests an association between lipid transport and an “M2-like” macrophage phenotype

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1773666

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single cell RNA seq of ccRCC tumors. Data by Bi et al. was visualized and via the Single Cell Portal . Cell types, including immune subpopulations, were annotated as defined by the original authors. Expression of metabolic (ACAA2, SQLE, ACSL3, CD36) and immunologic (CD68, CD163, CD147) genes was examined across these distinct immune compartments. For the characterization of the immune cell populations, please refer to Bi et al. .

Article Snippet: Reagents and antibodies used included FcR Blocking Reagent (Cat# 130-059-901), CD36 PE (Cat# 130-110-877), CD147 APC (Cat# 130-124-295), CD8a PE (Cat# 130-117-201), CD45 PE (Cat# 130-113-118), CD68 PE (Cat# 130-128-345), CD163 PE (Cat# 130-127-908), and pan-Cytokeratin APC (Cat# 130-123-091), all from Miltenyi Biotec.

Techniques: Single Cell, RNA Sequencing, Expressing

Journal: Cancer Research Communications

Article Title: Phase I First-in-Human Study of TRK-950, an IgG1 Antibody Specific to CAPRIN-1, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors

doi: 10.1158/2767-9764.CRC-25-0123

Figure Lengend Snippet: Graphs depicting the density of macrophage subsets pre- and posttreatment with TRK-950. Tumor specimens obtained with core-needle biopsies at the screening and C1D22 time points were subjected to multi-immunofluorescence to detect macrophage infiltrates. Quantitative analyses were performed on digital images of CD68 and CD163 staining. A, total CD68 + cells; ( B ) CD68 + /CD163 − subsets; ( C ) CD68 + /CD163 + subsets. Error bars indicate SD. C1D22, cycle 1 day 22; SCR, screening.

Article Snippet: After antigen retrieval (36 minutes at 95°C, pH 8.4), 4-μm-thick sections of tumor specimens obtained from core-needle biopsies at the screening and C1D22 time points were stained with mouse monoclonal anti-human CD68 (IgG2b, clone 298807, R&D Systems) and mouse monoclonal anti-human CD163 (IgG1, clone 10D6, Leica Biosystems) and then incubated with AF647 goat anti-mouse IgG2b and AF488 goat anti-mouse IgG1 (both from Invitrogen).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Communications Biology

Article Title: Fortilin deficiency induces anti-atherosclerotic phenotypes in macrophages and protects hypercholesterolemic mice against atherosclerosis

doi: 10.1038/s42003-025-08425-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: A.U. arbitrary unit, RT-qPCR reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, WT THP1 WT-fortilin cells, KO THP1 KO-fortilin cells, oxLDL oxidized low density lipoprotein, αSMA alpha smooth muscle cell actin, CD68 Cluster of Differentiation 68, TCE, 2,2,2-trichloroethanol total protein staining, GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phMΦ primary human macrophages, CTL control, phMΦ transduced by control short hairpin RNA (shRNA control ) lentiviral particles, KD knockdown, phMΦ transduced by shRNA fortilin lentiviral particles. a Expression levels of fortilin in WT and KO cells with and without oxLDL stimulation. b – f Status of expression of VSMC markers (αSMA, SM22α, CNN1) ( b – d ) and MФ markers (Mac2, CD68) ( e , f ) in WT and KO cells as analyzed by RT-qPCR (n = 3, 3). g Western blot analysis of VSMC and MΦ markers in WT and KO cells at their baselines and upon oxLDL stimulation. h Successful KD of fortilin using shRNA fortilin lentivirus particles in phMΦ. Status of expression of VSMC markers ( i – k ) and MΦ markers ( l , m ) in CTL and KD phMΦ cells as analyzed by RT-qPCR (n = 3, 3). Data are expressed as mean ± s.d., P values determined by one-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons ( a – f , h – m ) are shown. The findings in ( g ) were confirmed in three independent experiments.

Article Snippet: The following primary antibodies were used: Rabbit anti-fortilin (MBL International, Woburn, MA, USA; Catalog #: PM017; 1:1,000 dilution; used for the experiments depicted in Fig. ); Rabbit anti-fortilin (Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA; Clone EPR5540, ab133568; 1:2,000 dilution; Figs. , ); Mouse anti-GAPDH (Fitzgerald, Acton, MA, USA; Clone: 10R-G109a; 1:10,000 dilution; Fig. ); mouse anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA; Clone: 6C5; Catalog #: sc-32233; 1:1,000 dilution; Figs. , ); Rabbit anti-human calponin-1 (CNN1) mAb (Cell Signaling Technology (CST), Danvers, MA, USA; Clone D8L2T, Catalog #: 17819; 1:1,000 dilution; Fig. ); Recombinant rabbit anti-human α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) antibody (Abcam, clone EPR5368, Catalog #: ab124964; 1:1,000 dilution; Fig. ); Rabbit anti-human SM22α (Transgelin/TAGLN) polyclonal Ab (CST, Catalog #: 40471; 1:1,000 dilution; Fig. ); Rabbit anti-human TGF-β1 polyclonal Ab (Abcam, Catalog #: ab92486; 1:1,000 dilution; Figs. , ); Rabbit anti-Mac2 (Galectin-3/LGALS3) mAb (CST, Clone: D4I2R, Catalog #: 8785; 1:1,000 dilution; Fig. ); Rabbit anti-human CD68 mAb MultiMabTM(CST, multiple clones, Catalog #: 86985; 1:1,000 dilution; Fig. ).

Techniques: Quantitative RT-PCR, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Control, shRNA, Knockdown, Expressing, Western Blot