Journal: Science advances

Article Title: Mechanical nanosurgery of chemoresistant glioblastoma using magnetically controlled carbon nanotubes.

doi: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5321

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 1. mCNTs induce cell death under rotating magnetic field. (A) Rotating magnetic field and mag- netic carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) exert mechanical work and stimula- tion to tumor cells. (B) Magnetic coil system for generating rotating magnetic fields. (C) Cell death rate after magnetic treatment using different concentrations of mCNTs. Control group receives phosphate- buffered saline (PBS) without mCNTs. n = 3 independent experi- ments. Error bar: SD. (D) Represen- tative images of live/dead cell staining of control, mCNT treatment, magnetic treatment, or mCNT + magnetic treatment group. (E) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission EM (TEM) image of an mCNT. (F) SEM and TEM image of an mCNT with energy-dispersive x- ray spectroscopy (EDX) mode. (G) SEM images of glioblastoma (GBM) cells with mCNTs. mCNT clusters were labeled with pseudocolor. (H) mCNTs and their localization with F- actin, endosome, lysosome, and mi- tochondria. DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2- phenylindole. (I) Quantification of mitochondria membrane potential by JC-1 dye staining. JC-1 red to green ratio is calculated by dividing red over green fluorescent signal for each cell. n = 50 cells. Error bar: SD. (J) Quantification of cytochrome c signal outside of mitochondria. Mi- tochondria are labeled by TOM20. The percentage of cytochrome c outside of mitochondria is calculat- ed by dividing the cytochrome c signal, which is not overlapped with TOM20, and the total cytochrome c signal for each cell. n = 30 cells. Error bar: SD.

Article Snippet: Specifically, 10 mg of mCNT powder (NG01SC0703-5-CNT, Nanografi Nano Technology Co. Ltd.) in 10 ml of PBS or ethanol was sonicated in an ice bath using a Sonic Dismembrators (FB432B2, Fisher Scientific) for 30 min (15 W and 20 kHz). mCNT PBS suspension was used immediately, while mCNT ethanol suspension was stored for further functionalization. mCNT functionalization mCNTs were coated with biotin anti-CD44 antibodies (Abcam, ab157105) or fluorescent Alexa Fluor 555 streptavidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, S32355) through a three-step method. mCNTs functionalized with carboxyl (─COOH) groups were first obtained from citric acid–assisted O2 plasma treatment.

Techniques: Control, Saline, Staining, Electron Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Spectroscopy, Labeling, Membrane