Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA treatment

doi: 10.1038/srep00301

Figure Lengend Snippet: After 30 minutes of habituation, all groups received αMT 250 mg/kg, i.p. and 1 hour later they received an injection of L-DOPA/Carbidopa 10/10 mg/kg, i.p. followed by of L-DOPA 20 mg/kg, i.p. one hour later (4A). A second group of animal was treated with 30/10 mg/kg, i.p. of L-DOPA/Carbidopa (4B). Statistical analysis: One-Way Anova for repeated measures, Bonferroni post hoc analysis. *p<0.05 vs DDD mice at the same time point.

Article Snippet: All the drugs used for this work were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) with exception of Carbidopa ((S)-(-)-Carbidopa, Tocris, Bristol, UK) and amphetamine (Poole, UK).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's Disease and L-DOPA treatment

doi: 10.1038/srep00301

Figure Lengend Snippet: In these experiments we had two groups for WT: Sham and Lesioned and two for GRK6-KO: Sham and Lesioned. All the animals were treated with 20/12 mg/kg of L-DOPA/Carbidopa for 21 days. The rotations (means, ±SEM) are counted as controlateral minus ispilateral rotations. Two-Way Anova for repeated measures, Tukey HSD post hoc . *p<0.05 vs Sham in the same group of genotype and time point; # p<0.05 vs GRK6-KO lesioned in the same time point.

Article Snippet: All the drugs used for this work were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Milan, Italy) with exception of Carbidopa ((S)-(-)-Carbidopa, Tocris, Bristol, UK) and amphetamine (Poole, UK).

Techniques:

Journal: Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Article Title: Oral berberine improves brain dopa/dopamine levels to ameliorate Parkinson’s disease by regulating gut microbiota

doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00456-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: E . faecalis and E . faecium regulated dopa/dopamine and improved brain function in PD animals in the presence of BBR. a Treating mice with both MPTP (20 mg/kg/d, s.c.) and P (200 mg/kg/d, i.p.) for 7 days successfully generated the damage to brain function (LD, *** P < 0.001; LFR, *** P < 0.001) in the model mice. Carbidopa (1 mg/kg, s.c.) in combination with l -dopa (10 mg/kg/d, s.c.) for 6 days (from days 2 to 7) decreased the LD, cylinder test value (*** P < 0.001, ** P < 0.01), and increased the LFR (*** P < 0.001); BBR (200 mg/kg/d, orally, days 2 to 7) significantly reduced the LD, cylinder test value (*** P < 0.001, * P < 0.05), and elevated the LFR (* P < 0.05). Intravenous injection of BBR (10 mg/kg, for 6 days) did not cause a significant change in the LD, LFR, or cylinder test. b Levels of dopa/dopamine in the brain on day 7 of the experiment (mean ± SD, * P < 0.05 for dopa; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 for dopamine). c Number of colonies from the mice treated with the antibiotics was significantly lower than that from the normal mice (mean ± SD, *** P < 0.001). d – f Translation of E. faecalis and E. faecium into the mice treated with antibiotics significantly increased dopa (L)/dopamine (R) levels in ICR mouse brains ( d , * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, NS no significance), blood ( e , * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01), and feces ( f , (L), (R), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001). g The relative abundance of Enterococcaeae in the fecal samples of clinical subjects increased after the two-month BBR treatment. Data are represented as the mean ± SD

Article Snippet: Carbidopa was from Selleckchem (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA).

Techniques: Generated, Injection