Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

Article Title: A unique blend of five human milk oligosaccharides supports recovery of infant microbiome composition and function after ex vivo antibiotic use

doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1765159

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of 5HMO fraction on association of Escherichia coli EPEC O119 DSM 8699 with caco-2 cells: effect of pre-incubating caco-2 cells with 5HMO prior to infection on the anti-infective activity (-, control; 1 g/L 5HMO, 2.5 g/L 5HMO); data are means ± standard deviation of 3 replicates; error bars represent standard deviation and an asterisk indicates values are significant (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Infection, Activity Assay, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Frontiers in Pediatrics

Article Title: A unique blend of five human milk oligosaccharides supports recovery of infant microbiome composition and function after ex vivo antibiotic use

doi: 10.3389/fped.2026.1765159

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of 5HMO fraction on association of Escherichia coli ETEC O78:H11 ATCC 35401 with caco-2 cells: effect of pre-incubating caco-2 cells with 5HMO prior to infection on the anti-infective activity (-, control; 1 g/L 5HMO, 2.5 g/L 5HMO); data are means ± standard deviation of 3 replicates; error bars represent standard deviation and an asterisk indicates values are significant (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.01).

Article Snippet: The human colon adenocarcinoma cell line HT-29 and human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cell line were acquired from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).

Techniques: Infection, Activity Assay, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Food Chemistry: X

Article Title: Major anthocyanins in elderberry effectively trap methylglyoxal and reduce cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal in HepG2 cell line

doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, on Caco-2 cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.

Article Snippet: Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma, CLS, Eppelheim, Germany) and HepG2 (human hepatoma cell line; ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) cells were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) containing 25 mM glucose supplemented with 10 % (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Life technologies), 2 mM l -glutamine (Gibco, Life Technologies), 100 U/mL penicillin (Life Technologies) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Life Technologies) at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5 % CO 2 in air and were handled as described in .

Techniques: Microscopy, Amplification, Control, Incubation, Concentration Assay

Journal: Frontiers in Nutrition

Article Title: Eight weeks of treatment with probiotic Bifidobacterium breve , Bif195 lowers fatigue scores in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomised, clinical trial

doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1701341

Figure Lengend Snippet: Modulation of barrier integrity in vitro . Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were performed on co-cultures of matured Caco-2 monolayers with Bif195 or medium control over 16 hours (A) and percentage change from baseline was calculated (B) . TEER AUC was calculated per well and differences between the two groups were tested via an unpaired t -test. Values are mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: Human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were obtained from the DSMZ ACC 169.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control