caco 2 Search Results


99
ATCC caco 2 cells
Caco 2 Cells, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2/pmc05597586-251-1-7
Average 99 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
99/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

95
CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH caco 2
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2, supplied by CLS Cell Lines Service GmbH, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 95/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2+Cells/pmc09587298-74-0-4
Average 95 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
95/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

96
DSMZ colorectal adenocarcinoma
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma, supplied by DSMZ, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/CACO-2/10__1016_slash_j__foodchem__2025__143755-93-12-34
Average 96 stars, based on 1 article reviews
colorectal adenocarcinoma - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
96/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

98
ATCC human colon adenocarcinoma
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Human Colon Adenocarcinoma, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 98/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2%3B+Colon+Adenocarcinoma%3B+Human/10__1016_slash_j__ejmcr__2022__100032-197-4-21
Average 98 stars, based on 1 article reviews
human colon adenocarcinoma - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
98/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

85
Aviva Systems caco 2 cell lysate
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Cell Lysate, supplied by Aviva Systems, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 85/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2+Lysate/pmc04034283-87-10-20
Average 85 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 cell lysate - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
85/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

94
ATCC cacobbe cells
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Cacobbe Cells, supplied by ATCC, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/C2BBe1+clone+of+Caco-2%3B+Colon+Adenocarcinoma%3B+Human/pmc06619991-325-0-2
Average 94 stars, based on 1 article reviews
cacobbe cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
94/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

93
Santa Cruz Biotechnology cell lysate
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Cell Lysate, supplied by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2+Cell+Lysate/pm16115811-216-7-23
Average 93 stars, based on 1 article reviews
cell lysate - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
93/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

91
Elabscience Biotechnology caco 2 cells culture media
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Cells Culture Media, supplied by Elabscience Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 91/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/Caco-2+Cell+Complete+Medium/pmc07928417-90-12-43
Average 91 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 cells culture media - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
91/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Mimetas Inc caco 2 transwell
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Transwell, supplied by Mimetas Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/2+caco+model+organoplate/pm39886939-184-12-15
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 transwell - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

86
Korean Cell Line Bank caco 2 cell line
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Cell Line, supplied by Korean Cell Line Bank, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 86/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/2+caco+cells/10__3390_slash_polysaccharides5030027-123-10-13
Average 86 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco 2 cell line - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
86/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Falah Inc caco-2 cell line
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Cell Line, supplied by Falah Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/caco+2+cell+line/10__1016_slash_j__jff__2024__106604-207-1-19
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco-2 cell line - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

90
Emulate Bio caco-2 cells
Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, <t>on</t> <t>Caco-2</t> cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.
Caco 2 Cells, supplied by Emulate Bio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/caco+2/caco+2+cells/pmc11425222-195-0-11
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews
caco-2 cells - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
90/100 stars
  Buy from Supplier

Image Search Results


Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, on Caco-2 cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.

Journal: Food Chemistry: X

Article Title: Major anthocyanins in elderberry effectively trap methylglyoxal and reduce cytotoxicity of methylglyoxal in HepG2 cell line

doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100468

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of methylglyoxal (MGO) and elderberry extracts using cell-models: Dose-dependent effect of exposure to MGO, for 24 h and 48 h, on Caco-2 cell viability (a1) and HepG2 cell viability (a3) and cell morphology recorded after 48 h of exposure to MGO (a2 and a4, Caco-2 and HepG2 cells, respectively), photos captured using an ocular camera (ODC-89 camera, Kern & Sohn) coupled to a microscope (amplification 100x). (Significant differences between samples and control cells ( p < 0.05) are denoted by *and #, for 24 h and 48 h of exposure to MGO, respectively). b) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- or co-incubation of Caco-2 cells with elderberry extracts [(elderberry extract (E), rich-phenolic extract (M), and non-phenolic extract (H)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 3 mM MGO. c) Evaluation of cytoprotective effect promoted by pre- and co-incubation of HepG2 cells with elderberry extracts against [(elderberry extract (E) and rich-phenolic extract (M)], from Sabugueiro (So), Sabugueira (Sa) and Bastardeira (Ba) cultivars, against 2 mM MGO. In b) and c), statistical significance ( p < 0.05) between control cells and samples is denoted as *; the # compares extracts with the MGO control at the respective condition; and * over a square bracket compares pre- and co-incubation at the same concentration.

Article Snippet: Caco-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma, CLS, Eppelheim, Germany) and HepG2 (human hepatoma cell line; ATCC, Rockville, MD, USA) cells were maintained in DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) containing 25 mM glucose supplemented with 10 % (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco, Life technologies), 2 mM l -glutamine (Gibco, Life Technologies), 100 U/mL penicillin (Life Technologies) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Life Technologies) at 37 °C in an atmosphere of 5 % CO 2 in air and were handled as described in .

Techniques: Microscopy, Amplification, Control, Incubation, Concentration Assay