Journal: World Journal of Gastroenterology

Article Title: Bletilla striata polysaccharides alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through enhancing hepatocyte RelA/ HNF1α signaling

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i4.93179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with Bletilla striata polysaccharides mitigates the high-fat-diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice. A: After being fed with high-fat-diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, the mice were randomized and untreated as the HFD group or treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the PBS + HFD group, 0.2 g/kg Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) as the BSP + HFD group, or 150 mg/kg polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) as the PPC + HFD group by gavage daily for 4 weeks ( n = 12). The mice were continually fed with HFD for another 4 weeks; B: Longitudinal measurements of mouse body weights; C: Liver weights; D: Serum alanine aminotransferase levels; E: Serum total cholesterol levels; F: Serum triglyceride (TG) levels; G: Hepatic TG contents; H: Liver cell apoptotic index; I: Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining of liver tissue sections and transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labeling analysis of hepatic cell apoptosis; J: Western blot analysis of the relative levels of apoptosis-, and necroptosis-related protein. Data are representative images or expressed as the mean ± SD of each group of mice from at least three separate experiments. b P < 0.01. 1 P < 0.01 vs the high-fat-diet group. PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; HFD: High-fat-diet; BSP: Bletilla striata polysaccharides; HE: Hematoxylin and eosin; MLKL: Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein; TUNEL: Transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-nick end labeling; wk: Week; qd: Quaque die; PPC: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, they were randomized and untreated as the HFD, or treated with the vehicle PBS as the PBS + HFD, 0.2 g/kg body weight of BSP as the BSP + HFD or with 150 mg/kg polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) (Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China) as the PPC + HFD group by gavage daily for 4 weeks ( n = 12 per group).

Techniques: Saline, Staining, End Labeling, Western Blot, TUNEL Assay

Journal: World Journal of Gastroenterology

Article Title: Bletilla striata polysaccharides alleviate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease through enhancing hepatocyte RelA/ HNF1α signaling

doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i4.93179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with Bletilla striata polysaccharides enhances the nuclear factor kappa B p65/hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha signaling and mitigates the high-fat-diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder in mice. A: Hepatic malondialdehyde levels; B: Hepatic reduced glutathione levels; C: Transmission electron microscopy analysis of liver tissue ultrastructure; D: Western blot analysis of the relative levels of hepatic nuclear factor kappa B p65 and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha protein expression; E: Western blot analysis of the relative levels of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum tress-related protein expression; F: Western blot analysis of the relative levels of hepatic lipid-metabolism related protein expression; G: Comparison of the effects of Bletilla striata polysaccharides and polyenylphosphatidylcholine on high-fat-diet-induced mice. Data are presented as representative images or expressed as the mean ± SD of each group of mice from at least three separate experiments. b P < 0.01. 1 P < 0.01 vs the high-fat-diet group. 2 P < 0.01 vs the polyenylphosphatidylcholine + high-fat-diet group. HFD: High-fat-diet; BSP: Bletilla striata polysaccharides; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; MDA: Malondialdehyde; GSH: Glutathione; wk: Week; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; L: Lipid droplet; M: Mitochondria; N: Nucleus; HNF1α: Hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha; GRP78: 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; HRD1: 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase degradation 1 homolog; SREBP1c: Cleaved sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1; MTP: Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; MCAD: Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; PPC: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine; ATF4: Activating transcription factor 4; RelA: Nuclear factor kappa B p65.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, they were randomized and untreated as the HFD, or treated with the vehicle PBS as the PBS + HFD, 0.2 g/kg body weight of BSP as the BSP + HFD or with 150 mg/kg polyenylphosphatidylcholine (PPC) (Sanofi Pharmaceuticals, Beijing, China) as the PPC + HFD group by gavage daily for 4 weeks ( n = 12 per group).

Techniques: Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy, Western Blot, Expressing, Comparison, Saline, Binding Assay