Journal: BMC Endocrine Disorders

Article Title: The precursor for nerve growth factor (proNGF) is not a serum or biopsy-rinse biomarker for thyroid cancer diagnosis

doi: 10.1186/s12902-019-0457-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: ProNGF serum levels after thyroidectomy and half-life. a Change in serum proNGF following total thyroidectomy . Pre- and post- thyroidectomy serum samples were available for 11 cases where pre-operative serum proNGF was detectable. No significant difference was detected between pre- and post- thyroidectomy levels of proNGF. b ProNGF in vitro half-life. Aliquots of serum negative for proNGF was spiked with 20 ng/mL recombinant proNGF dissolved in Assay Diluent A (Biosensis, Australia) in a 1:1 ratio, then incubated at 37 °C for increments of 24 h, then assayed at 1:20 dilution with Heterophilic Blocking Antibody (BL-003-1000). An exponential decay curve was fitted, giving an estimated in-vitro half-life in serum of 1.5 h. Similar results were obtained using phosphate-buffered-saline as diluent

Article Snippet: A : Effect of heterophilic antibody blockers (Ab) (BL-003-1000, Biosensis, Australia) on rate of positivity of serum proNGF levels.

Techniques: In Vitro, Recombinant, Incubation, Blocking Assay, Saline

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coordinated Tuning of Ionizable Lipids and Formulation Redirects mRNA Vaccines Toward Lymphoid-Specific CD4 + T Cell Immunity

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.719092

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Experimental scheme for in vivo screening. C57BL/6N mice were intramuscularly administered fLuc mRNA-loaded LNPs (0.05 mg/kg) and bioluminescence was assessed at 6 h post-injection by IVIS imaging. (b) Representative in vivo IVIS bioluminescence images of nine LNP formulations. (c) Quantification of bioluminescence signals at the injection site. (d) Quantification of bioluminescence signals in the liver. (e) Injection site-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 2 per group). N4Y and N4Z were selected as lead candidates based on high injection site expression and minimal hepatic off-target signal. (f, g) Time-dependent serum levels of MCP-1 (f) and IL-6 (g) following intramuscular administration of N4Y- or N4Z-based LNPs encapsulating SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA (0.5 mg/kg) in BALB/c mice (n = 4 per group). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test at each time point. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luciferase expression was assessed by whole-body bioluminescence imaging and ex vivo imaging of harvested organs using an IVIS system (PerkinElmer).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Imaging, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coordinated Tuning of Ionizable Lipids and Formulation Redirects mRNA Vaccines Toward Lymphoid-Specific CD4 + T Cell Immunity

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.719092

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic comparison of lipid compositions of N4Z and optimized N4Z (N4Z-opt) formulations. (b) mRNA encapsulation efficiency (n = 3). (c) Hydrodynamic diameter (n = 3). (d) Polydispersity index (PDI) (n = 3). (e) Representative flow cytometry contour plots showing GFP expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages following delivery of PBS, N4Z, and N4Z-opt. (f) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GFP expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages (n = 3). (g) Representative in vivo IVIS bioluminescence images following intramuscular administration of fLuc mRNA-loaded N4Z or N4Z-opt LNPs. (h) Injection site-to-body bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). (i) Representative ex vivo organ images showing bioluminescence in liver, spleen, and lymph node. (j) Spleen-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). (k) Lymph node-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). Statistical significance for (b–d) was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t -test. Statistical significance for (f, h, j, k) was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luciferase expression was assessed by whole-body bioluminescence imaging and ex vivo imaging of harvested organs using an IVIS system (PerkinElmer).

Techniques: Comparison, Encapsulation, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Fluorescence, In Vivo, Injection, Ex Vivo, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Nuclear Arp2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0237-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, Representative U2OS nuclei showing 53BP1-YFP foci traces over 100 min in G1 cells b, Median cumulative distance traveled by 53BP1-YFP foci in G1 cells ( P calculated by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test; CK-689 n=462 foci from 14 nuclei, CK-666 n=647 foci from 14 nuclei). ns, not significant. c, MSD of 53BP1-YFP foci in G1 cells (Data shown as mean and weighted s.e.m.; CK-689 n=926 foci from 14 nuclei, CK-666 n=1234 foci from 14 nuclei). Δt = time interval. d, A representative G1 cell is shown with 53BP1-YFP foci (left). A representative G2 cell is shown with 53BP1-YFP and Rad52-mCherry foci (right). 53BP1 foci colocalize with Rad52 foci (r = 0.41 ± 0.17, Pearson, n=5 independent experiments). e, Representative U2OS nuclei showing 53BP1-YFP foci traces over 100 min in G2 cells. f, MSD of 53BP1-YFP foci (Data shown as mean and weighted s.e.m.; G1 CK-689 n=926 foci from 14 nuclei, G2 CK-689 n=1403 from 12 nuclei). G1 CK-689 curve also shown in (c). g, MSD of 53BP1-YFP foci in G2 cells (Data shown as mean and weighted s.e.m.; CK-689 n=1403 foci from 12 nuclei, CK-666 n=1038 foci from 10 nuclei). G2 CK-689 curve also shown in (f).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies include γH2AX (EMD Millipore: 05-636, 1/500 or Abcam: ab81299, 1/500), WASP (Santa Cruz: sc-5300, 1/50), Rad51 (Santa Cruz: sc-8349, 1/50), 53BP1 (Novus Biologicals: NC100-304, 1/250) and FLAG (Sigma Aldrich: F3165, 1/250).

Techniques: Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Nature

Article Title: Nuclear Arp2/3 drives DNA break clustering for homology-directed repair

doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0237-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: a, DSB repair at DSBs V-VI in G1-synchronized, ER-AsiSI-AID U2OS cells. Mean and s.d. (n=3 technical replicates) of a representative experiment shown. b, DSB repair at DSBs V-VI in G2-synchronized ER-AsiSI-AID U2OS cells. Mean and s.d. (n=3 technical replicates) of a representative experiment shown. c, Enrichment of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) at DSBs V–VI following CK-548 treatment. (Data shown as mean and s.d., n=6 replicates from 2 independent experiments). d, Representative images of U2OS nuclei showing Rad51 foci. e, Quantification of Rad51 foci ( P calculated by one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons; smoothed traces show distribution of Rad51 foci. Arrow above respective curves indicates mean number of foci per cell; DMSO: 2 hours n=1830 cells, 8 hours n=2440 cells, 24 hours n=782 cells, CK-666: 2 hours n=2438 cells, 8 hours n=2189 cells, 24 hours n=912 cells). f, Representative images of Arpc2-LoxP-CreER MTF nuclei showing Rad51 foci. g, Quantification of Rad51 foci in MTFs ( P calculated by two-tailed Mann-Whitney test; data shown as mean; n=571 nuclei (DMSO), 462 nuclei (4-OHT). h, Representative ssDNA enrichment at DSBs V–VI following mirin treatment. (Data shown as mean and s.d.; n=3 replicates of 2 independent experiments). ssDNA in DMSO-treated cells shown for comparison. i, MSD of Rad52-mCherry foci (Data shown as mean and weighted s.e.m.; DMSO n=3292 foci from 12 cells, Mirin n=2677 foci from 11 cells). j, MSD of 53BP1-YFP foci in G1 cells (Data shown as mean and weighted s.e.m.; DMSO n=893 foci from 12 cells, Mirin n=744 foci from 14 cells). k, Quantification of chromatin-bound RPA in S-phase cells ( P calculated by two-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons; data shown as mean and s.e.m.; n=4 independent experiments).

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies include γH2AX (EMD Millipore: 05-636, 1/500 or Abcam: ab81299, 1/500), WASP (Santa Cruz: sc-5300, 1/50), Rad51 (Santa Cruz: sc-8349, 1/50), 53BP1 (Novus Biologicals: NC100-304, 1/250) and FLAG (Sigma Aldrich: F3165, 1/250).

Techniques: Two Tailed Test, MANN-WHITNEY, Comparison