Journal: The Journal of Neuroscience

Article Title: Gdf11 Facilitates Temporal Progression of Neurogenesis in the Developing Spinal Cord

doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2394-10.2011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Difference in differentiation potential between neurospheres derived from Gdf11−/− and WT embryos A–D, MBP (for oligodendrocytes), GFAP (for astrocytes), and Topro3 (for all nuclei) staining of dissociated neurospheres grown in differentiation media for 3 d. E–H, MAP2 (for neurons) and Topro3 staining of dissociated neurospheres grown in differentiation media for 3 d. Scale bar, 100 μm. I–K, Percentage of neurons, oligodendrocytes, or astrocytes differentiated from dissociated neurosphere cells after 3 d in culture. Significantly more neurons and less oligodendrocytes (*p < 0.001) are produced by neurospheres derived from e9.5 WT and e12.5 Gdf11−/− embryos when compared to neurospheres that received Gdf11 signals either in vitro (e9.5 WT neurospheres cultured with 10 ng/ml Gdf11) or in vivo (neurospheres derived from e12.5 WT embryos).

Article Snippet: Antibodies used are as follows: rat anti-BrdU, rabbit anti-Ki67, rabbit anti-Sox10 (Abcam); rabbit anti-Pax2 (Zymed); rabbit anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), rabbit anti-cleaved caspase3 (Cell Signaling Technology); goat anti-p57 kip2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); mouse anti-P27 kip1 , rabbit anti-phospho-histone H3 (PH3), rabbit anti- glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), rabbit anti-Olig1, rabbit anti-Olig2, mouse anti-myelin basic protein (MBP), rabbit anti-Sox2 (Millipore Bioscience Research Reagents Biotechnology); mouse anti- green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Invitrogen); mouse anti-BrdU, mouse anti-HB9, mouse anti-Lhx1, mouse anti-Lhx3, mouse anti-Pax6, mouse anti-Pax7 (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Staining, Produced, In Vitro, Cell Culture, In Vivo

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Multivalent Targeting of Blood-Brain Barrier LRP1 for Neurovascular Recovery Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantitative representation of Aβ-positive areas ( a ) in brain coronal sections, identified through immune histochemistry (IHC), in both AD model and wild-type mice. Quantitative measurement of Aβ concentrations via ELISA in both AD and wild type mice of the whole-brain ( b ), its vasculature ( c ) and parenchyma ( d ). ELISA quantification of both brain vasculature and parenchyma ( e ) in AD and wild type mice of key proteins involved in trafficking (LRP1, PACSIN2, RAB5), metabolism (GLUT1), tight junction proteins (ZO-1, CLDN11), and other stress-related proteins (MBP, MAP-2, SRB1). For all analyzes (n = 3)

Article Snippet: Protein concentrations for various proteins, including LRP1 (NOVUS, NBP3-00449), PACSIN2 (Anruike, YX-160103M), RAB5 (abbexa, abx154598), GLUT1 (Anruike, YX-071242M), Claudin11 (Anruike, YX-031229M), ZO1 (Elabscience, E-EL-M1161), MBP (Elabscience, E-EL-M0805), MAP-2 (Anruike, YX-120118M), SRB1 (Anruike, ARK-756321A), and Aβ (invitrogen, KMB3441) were determined using ELISA kits following the manufacturer protocols.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Multivalent Targeting of Blood-Brain Barrier LRP1 for Neurovascular Recovery Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.1101/2024.05.06.592767

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pearson correlation coefficients for the colocalization of LRP1 and BBB endothelial cells (CD31) pre- and post A 39 -POs administration ( a ). Analysis performed on images derived from three independent experiments, with 6-7 vessels studied per trial. Quantification of Aβ content in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and brain parenchyma ( b ) (n = 3, statistical analyzis performed using unpaired t-tests, **** p<0.0001). ELISA measurements ( c ) of vascular and parenchymal proteins in 12-month-old WT, Sham APP/PS1, and APP/PS1 post A 39 -POs treatment mice, encompassing LRP1, PACSIN2, RAB5, GLUT1, Claudin 11, ZO-1, MBP, MAP-2, and SRB1. STED microscopy ( d ) of LRP1 (white) on the vessel wall (green), indicative of active transcytosis. Post-treatment, Aβ deposits around the BBB (red) are cleared with notable Aβ signal presence within the vascular lumen. For (b) and (c), statistical significance determined using one-way ANOVA, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001, n ≥ 3.

Article Snippet: Protein concentrations for various proteins, including LRP1 (NOVUS, NBP3-00449), PACSIN2 (Anruike, YX-160103M), RAB5 (abbexa, abx154598), GLUT1 (Anruike, YX-071242M), Claudin11 (Anruike, YX-031229M), ZO1 (Elabscience, E-EL-M1161), MBP (Elabscience, E-EL-M0805), MAP-2 (Anruike, YX-120118M), SRB1 (Anruike, ARK-756321A), and Aβ (invitrogen, KMB3441) were determined using ELISA kits following the manufacturer protocols.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Microscopy

Journal: Magma (New York, N.Y.)

Article Title: Detection of axonal degeneration in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease: comparison between diffusion tensor imaging and anomalous diffusion metrics

doi: 10.1007/s10334-019-00742-6

Figure Lengend Snippet: Multi-cellular changes in the corpus callosum of the Huntington’s disease mice reveals increased white matter complexity. a Diagram showing coronal sections and histological regions of interest (ROIs in light blue) centered in the corpus callosum (CC) between the cortex (CCX) and the striatum. b Coronal sections centered in the corpus callosum showing changes in neuronal architecture and axonal orientation by endogenous expression. Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) can be observed in the R6/2 mice (YFP, R6/2). Note an increase of axonal tortuosity in the R6/2 mice. Nuclear counterstaining with DAPI (Blue). Astrocyte proliferation is labeled by glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and can be observed in white matter (WM) in the HD mice. The amount of myelin basic protein (MBP)—a marker of oligodendrocyte function—is decreased in the HD mice. c Quantitative fluorescence analysis of white matter markers (YFP, GFAP, and MBP) in the corpus callosum of the R6/2 and WT mice (***p < 0.001) (n = 6 mice per group). AU Arbitrary Units. Scale bar = 10 μm

Article Snippet: Sections were incubated with TBS containing primary antibodies recognizing myelin basic protein (MBP; PhosphoSolution, Cat #1120-MBP 1:500 Aurora, CO, USA) or the astrocyte maker glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP; NeuroMab Cat #75–240 1:50, Davis, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Labeling, Marker, Fluorescence

Journal: Diagnostics

Article Title: Serum Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma

doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11010020

Figure Lengend Snippet: Serum antibody levels measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Article Snippet: The levels of anti-SSA antibody, anti-SSB antibody, HSP60, anti-α-fodrin antibody, myelin basic protein (MBP), and anti-nucleic acid (ANA) antibody were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the SSA IgG ELISA kit (KA0949, Abnova, Taoyuan City, Taiwan), SSB IgG ELISA kit (KA0950, Abnova), HSP60 ELISA kit (ADI-EKS-600, Enzo Life Sciences, Farmingdale, NY, USA), α-fodrin Ab IgG/IgA ELISA Kit (KA1087, Abnova), MBP ELISA kit (E-EL-H0161, Elabscience, Houston, TX, USA), and ANA Screen ELISA Kit (KA0939, Abnova), respectively, in accordance with the manufacturers’ protocols.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Biological Sciences

Article Title: Catalpol Protects Pre-Myelinating Oligodendrocytes against Ischemia-induced Oxidative Injury through ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.7150/ijbs.16823

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of catalpol on myelin protein expression in PreOLs after OGD. (A-C) Representative CNPase staining (red) patterns in the CTL (A), OGD (B), and CAT (C) groups after 6 d of differentiation. Cell nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). (D) Western blot showing CNPase and MBP expression in the CTL, OGD, and CAT groups. GAPDH was used as a loading control. The blot shown is representative of six independent experiments. (E) Quantification of CNPase and MBP protein expression levels from Western blot analysis. Data are expressed as percentages of the values in the CTL group and are shown as the means ± SEM (n = 6 in each group). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Bar = 25 μm (for A-C).

Article Snippet: The membranes were first blocked with 1% non-fat dried milk in 10 mM PBS with 0.05% Tween-20 (PBST) for 2 h at room temperature and then incubated overnight at 4°C with antibodies targeting the following proteins: CNPase (1:500, Boster), myelin basic protein (MBP) (1:500, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) (1:500, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), ERK1/2 (1:500, Cell Signaling), activated poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1) (1:500, Santa Cruz), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (1:2000, Bioworld Technology, Inc., USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Western Blot, Control