Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Inosine Prevents Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inducing M1 Phenotypic Polarization of Macrophages.

doi: 10.3390/molecules30010123

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Inosine promoted macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype. (A) RAW264.7 cells were treated with inosine (0–40 mM) for 24 h; then, an MTT assay was performed to observe cell viability. RAW264.7 cells were administrated with inosine (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mM) in the absence or presence of LPS+IFN-γ or IL-4. (B,C) The proportions of CD86 and CD206-positive cells were determined by a flow cytometer. (D,E) The expression levels of CD86 and CD206 mRNA were detected by RT-qPCR. (F–H) Levels of CD86 and iNOS were measured by WB. Compared to the control group: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001; Compared with the LPS+IFN-γ induced M1 group: # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001; Compared with the IL-4 induced M2 group: ∆∆∆p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD86 (1:1000, 26903-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), iNOS (1:300, 22226-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), β-actin (1:2000, GB15003-100, Servicebio, Wuhan, China) and secondary antibody against HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (1:5000, AS014, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) were used, respectively.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control

Journal: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

Article Title: Inosine Prevents Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inducing M1 Phenotypic Polarization of Macrophages.

doi: 10.3390/molecules30010123

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Effects of inosine on immune factors in the CT26 tumor microenvironment. (A) Effect of inosine on Ki-67 expression in tumor tissues (Scale: 100 µm; 400× and 200×). (B) Statistics of Ki-67 protein positive expression in tumor tissues (n = 3). (C) Fluorescence co-localization fluorogram of M1- type macrophage marker F4/80 + CD86 (scale: 100 µm; 200×). (D) F4/80 + CD86 expression statistics in tumor tissues. (E) M2 type macrophage marker F4/80 + CD206 fluorescence co-localization fluorogram (scale: 100 µm; 200×). (F) F4/80 + CD206 expression statistics in tumor tissues. Note: 5-Fu are 5-Fu (12 mg/kg) groups. IS-L and IS-H are inosine low and high-dose (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) groups, respectively. Yellow arrows represent positive positions. Compared with the model group: ## p < 0.01; Compared with the 5-Fu group: △p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against CD86 (1:1000, 26903-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), iNOS (1:300, 22226-1-AP, Proteintech, Wuhan, China), β-actin (1:2000, GB15003-100, Servicebio, Wuhan, China) and secondary antibody against HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (1:5000, AS014, ABclonal, Wuhan, China) were used, respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Fluorescence, Marker

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64559-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Schematic representation of our hybrid-SELEX method for selection of B7H3-specific ssDNA aptamer. (a) Retinoblastoma cell-SELEX to develop aptamers against retinoblastoma using Weri-RB1 cells and target cell and Mio-M1 as control cells. (b) We have screened the RB cell-SELEX enriched pools on recombinant B7H3 protein by dot-blot and chose the cell-SELEX enriched pool-15 (CSEP-15) as the starting library for the B7H3 hybrid SELEX. In our experiment, the hybrid-SELEX process is divided into (c) the B7H3 protein- based SELEX selection and (d) cell-based SELEX enrichment. The CSEP-15 is incubated with B7H3 protein immobilized on magnetic beads for positive selection and empty magnetic beads for counter selection for each cycle in protein-SELEX. The pool enriched from protein SELEX is incubated with Weri-RB1 for positive selection and Mio-M1 for counter selection in cell-SELEX. After 9 rounds of selection, the enriched aptamer pools were sequenced by NGS. SELEX, Systematic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the binding of B7H3 aptamer (VRF-HS_B7H3-03) to RB primary tumor as a positive control, lysed blood spiked with Weri-RB1 cells (leukocytes as a negative control), and cross-validated with IHC using B7H3 antibody (Cell Signaling technology, 14058, 1: 100 dilution).

Techniques: Selection, Control, Recombinant, Dot Blot, Incubation, Magnetic Beads

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64559-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Monitoring the enrichment of the DNA libraries during hybrid-SELEX by flow cytometry and dot- blot. (a) Fluorescence intensities of target cells (Weri-RB1) incubated with FITC-labelled ssDNA pools from the initial library to the ninth-selection round. (b) Fluorescence intensities of negative control cells (Mio-M1) incubated with FITC-labelled ssDNA pools from the initial library to the ninth-selection round. (c) Represented is the dot-blot assay showing the fluorescence intensities of ssDNA pools from the initial library to the ninth- selection round, bound to the recombinant B7H3 protein.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the binding of B7H3 aptamer (VRF-HS_B7H3-03) to RB primary tumor as a positive control, lysed blood spiked with Weri-RB1 cells (leukocytes as a negative control), and cross-validated with IHC using B7H3 antibody (Cell Signaling technology, 14058, 1: 100 dilution).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Dot Blot, Fluorescence, Incubation, Selection, Negative Control, Recombinant

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64559-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Binding ability, secondary structures and dissociation constants of selected B7H3 aptamers. (a) Binding affinity of FITC-labelled aptamers VRF-HS_B7H3-01, VRF-HS_B7H3-02, VRF-HS_B7H3-03, VRF-HS_B7H3-04 and VRF-HS_B7H3-05 to Weri-RB1 cells assessed by flow cytometry. (b) Binding ability of FITC-labelled aptamers VRF-HS_B7H3-01, VRF-HS_B7H3-02, VRF-HS_B7H3-03, VRF-HS_B7H3-04 and VRF-HS_B7H3-05 to Mio-M1 cells assessed by flow cytometry. (c–g) Predicted secondary structures for five aptamer candidates, VRF-HS_B7H3-01, VRF-HS_B7H3-02, VRF-HS_B7H3-03, VRF-HS_B7H3-04 and VRF-HS_B7H3-05 selected for further. The presented predicted secondary structures were the ones with lowest ΔG. Constant sequence regions are highlighted in black, and green represents the random regions. (h–l) Binding curve of aptamers VRF-HS_B7H3-01, VRF-HS_B7H3-02, VRF-HS_B7H3-03, VRF-HS_B7H3-04 and VRF-HS_B7H3-05 with Weri-RB1 and Mio-M1 cells assessed by flow cytometry and recombinant B7H3 protein by dot-blot. Equilibrium dissociation constants (Kd) (nM) were calculated using GraphPad Prism 7, under the non-linear fit model, one-site non-competitive binding to fluorescent population ratio at used aptamer concentrations.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the binding of B7H3 aptamer (VRF-HS_B7H3-03) to RB primary tumor as a positive control, lysed blood spiked with Weri-RB1 cells (leukocytes as a negative control), and cross-validated with IHC using B7H3 antibody (Cell Signaling technology, 14058, 1: 100 dilution).

Techniques: Binding Assay, Flow Cytometry, Sequencing, Recombinant, Dot Blot

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64559-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Affinity of B7H3 aptamers by Dot-blot and western blot analysis. (a) Dot-blot assay with (i–v) FITC labelled and (vi–x) biotin labelled aptamers to demonstrate the capability of the B7H3 aptamers to recognize their target immobilized on PVDF membranes; (i) & (vi)—VRF-HS_B7H3-01, (ii) & (vii)—VRF-HS_B7H3-02, (iii) & (viii)—VRF-HS_B7H3-03, (iv) & (viii)—VRF-HS_B7H3-04 and (v) & (x)—VRF-HS_B7H3-05; 1— B7H3 Recombinant protein, 2—RB tumor protein lysate, 3—Weri-RB1 protein lysate, 4—BSA, 5—Weri-RB1 secretome and 6—Secondary control. (b) Sandwich dot blot assay with (i–iii) biotin labelled and (ii–iv) FITC labelled aptamers to demonstrate the capability of aptamers to recognize different epitopes of their target immobilized on nitrocellulose membranes. (i) & (ii)—unlabelled VRF-HS_B7H3-01 is used as capture and FITC or biotin labelled VRF-HS_B7H3-03 is used for detection, (iii) & (iv) unlabelled VRF-HS_B7H3-03 is used as capture and FITC or biotin labelled VRF-HS_B7H3-01 is used for detection; 1—B7H3 Recombinant protein, 2—RB tumor protein lysate, 3—Weri-RB1 protein lysate, 4—Weri-RB1 secretome and 5—BSA. (c) Comparison of the specificity of B7H3 antibody to VRF-HS_B7H3-03 aptamer in a protein blot analysis (cropped image). Lane 1—B7H3 Recombinant protein, 2—RB tumor protein lysate, 3—Weri-RB1 protein lysate and 4—Mio-M1 protein lysate; (i) Probed with anti-B7H3 Rabbit monoclonal antibody, (ii) Probed with biotinylated VRF-HS_B7H3-03 aptamer and (iii) & (iv) Probed with GAPDH mouse monoclonal antibody. Results of an aptamer blot from a nonreducing SDS polyacrylamide gel in which B7H3 was clearly detected near 90 kDa similar to antibody. However, the recombinant protein manufacturer of the B7H3 (R&D systems) reported a molecular weight of 38–48 kDa for its product which is consistent with the strongly detected band’s weight (Full raw blot included in Supplementary data Fig. S5).

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the binding of B7H3 aptamer (VRF-HS_B7H3-03) to RB primary tumor as a positive control, lysed blood spiked with Weri-RB1 cells (leukocytes as a negative control), and cross-validated with IHC using B7H3 antibody (Cell Signaling technology, 14058, 1: 100 dilution).

Techniques: Dot Blot, Western Blot, Recombinant, Control, Comparison, Molecular Weight

Journal: Scientific reports

Article Title: Development of DNA aptamers targeting B7H3 by hybrid-SELEX: an alternative to antibodies for immuno-assays.

doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-64559-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Immunohistochemistry of B7H3 antibody and VRF-HS_B7H3-03 to RB tumour sections and retina. (a,d) H and E staining, (b,e) IHC with B7H3 antibody, and (c,f) IHC with biotin-labelled VRF-HS_B7H3-03 of primary retinoblastoma tumour and retina respectively.

Article Snippet: Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess the binding of B7H3 aptamer (VRF-HS_B7H3-03) to RB primary tumor as a positive control, lysed blood spiked with Weri-RB1 cells (leukocytes as a negative control), and cross-validated with IHC using B7H3 antibody (Cell Signaling technology, 14058, 1: 100 dilution).

Techniques: Immunohistochemistry, Staining