Journal: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Article Title: Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fatty Infiltration After Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair in a Mouse Model

doi: 10.1177/23259671231170192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot of critical proteins in the β3AR thermogenesis pathway for the sham (black bars), NE (red bars), EE (yellow bars), and LE (green bars) groups and for the EE DMSO (black bars), EE SR (red bars), LE DMSO (yellow bars), and LE SR (green bars) groups. In the (A and B) supraspinatus (SS), (C and D) interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), and (E and F) inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT), for TH, PKA, HSL, p38 MAPK, PGC1α, and UCP1, fold change was calculated as target protein divided by GAPDH. For p-HSL and p-p38 MAPK, fold change was calculated as phosphorylated target protein divided by total target protein. Statistically significant difference: * P < .05, ** P < .01, *** P < .001, **** P < .0001. EE, early exercise; LE, late exercise; NE, no exercise; ns, not significant; SR, SR59230A. See for remaining abbreviation expansions.

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used: TH (66334-1-Ig; Proteintech), PKA (AF5450; Affinity), p-HSL (AF8026; Affinity), HSL (AF6403; Affinity), p-p38 MAPK (AF4001; Affinity), p38 MAPK (AF6456; Affinity), PGC1α (AF5395; Affinity), UCP1 (NB100-2828; Novus Biologicals), and GAPDH (60004-1-Ig; Proteintech).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

Article Title: Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Fatty Infiltration After Delayed Rotator Cuff Repair in a Mouse Model

doi: 10.1177/23259671231170192

Figure Lengend Snippet: Abbreviations and Expansions of Specialized Terms Used in the Article

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against the following proteins were used: TH (66334-1-Ig; Proteintech), PKA (AF5450; Affinity), p-HSL (AF8026; Affinity), HSL (AF6403; Affinity), p-p38 MAPK (AF4001; Affinity), p38 MAPK (AF6456; Affinity), PGC1α (AF5395; Affinity), UCP1 (NB100-2828; Novus Biologicals), and GAPDH (60004-1-Ig; Proteintech).

Techniques: Saline, Radio Immunoprecipitation, Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis

Journal: Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology

Article Title: Melatonin inhibits mTOR-dependent autophagy during liver ischemia/reperfusion.

doi: 10.1159/000356647

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Effect of MLT on autophagy during liver I/R. MLT was administered 15 min prior to ischemia and again directly before reperfusion. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of LC3- II/I (A), SQSTM1/p62 (), beclin-1 (C), Atg3 (E), and Atg7 (F). Autophagic vacuoles (arrows indicated) were observed from TEM images (4 mice per group) (D). Results are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. of 6 to 8 mice per group. *, ** Signiϐicantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) from sham-operated animals. +, ++ Signiϐicantly different (p < 0.05, p < 0.01) from I/R animals, respectively.

Article Snippet: The following antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, SA) eclin-1 (3738), Atg3 (3415), Atg7 (2631), p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser2448) (2971), p-4E- P1 (Ser65) (9451) and p-70S6K (Thr389) (9205).

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: International journal of molecular medicine

Article Title: Tougu Xiaotong capsule promotes chondrocyte autophagy by regulating the Atg12/LC3 conjugation systems.

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1794

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. Tougu Xiaotong capsule (TXC) regulates the mRNA expression of autophagy-related (Atg) genes in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-exposed chondro cytes. (A) mRNA expression of Atg genes in CoCl2-exposed chondrocytes treated with or without TXC measured by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression of (B) hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), (C) beclin 1, (D) mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), (E) Atg3, (F) Atg5, (G) Atg7, (H) Atg10, (I) Atg12 and (J) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II/LC3 I. β-actin was used as the internal control for the quantification analysis. Data are the means ± standard deviation (SD) and SD is shown as vertical bars, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, compared to untreated cells; ΔP<0.05, ΔΔP<0.01, compared to CoCl2- exposed-chondrocytes.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% non-fat milk and incubated with antibodies to HIF-1α, beclin 1, mTOR, Atg3, Atg7, Atg12, LC3 I/II and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: International journal of molecular medicine

Article Title: Tougu Xiaotong capsule promotes chondrocyte autophagy by regulating the Atg12/LC3 conjugation systems.

doi: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1794

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Tougu Xiaotong capsule (TXC) regulates the protein expression of autophagy-related (Atg) genes in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-exposed chondrocytes. (A) Protein expression of Atg genes in CoCl2-exposed chondrocytes measured by western blot analysis. Protein levels of (B) hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF- 1α), (C) beclin 1, (D) mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), (E) Atg3, (F) Atg7, (G) Atg12, and (H) microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) II/ LC3 I. β-actin was used as the internal control for the quantification analysis. Data are the means ± standard deviation (SD) and SD is shown as vertical bars, *P<0.05, **P<0.01, compared to untreated cells; ΔP<0.05, ΔΔP<0.01, compared to CoCl2-exposed-chondrocytes.

Article Snippet: The PVDF membrane was blocked with 5% non-fat milk and incubated with antibodies to HIF-1α, beclin 1, mTOR, Atg3, Atg7, Atg12, LC3 I/II and β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Standard Deviation

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Oxidation of Atg3 and Atg7 mediates inhibition of autophagy

doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-02352-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Under pro-oxidizing conditions a disulfide forms between the catalytic thiols of Atg3 and Atg7. a siRNA knock-down of Atg7 attenuates intermolecular disulfide oxidation of Atg3, and loss of Atg3 prevents Atg7 disulfide dimerization. b Immunoprecipitation of Atg7 leads co-purification of disulfide-bound mCherry-Atg3. c Overexpressed wild-type mCherryAtg3 and wild-type Atg7 form a disulfide-bound heterodimer in amino-acid-starved cells treated with H 2 O 2 . However, mutation of the catalytic thiol to an alanine on either Atg3 or Atg7 prevents intermolecular disulfide formation

Article Snippet: In some experiments, SMC were transfected for 48 h with a combination of 250 ng of wild-type mCherryAtg3 (Addgene, 54993), C264A mCherryAtg3, wild-type Atg7 (Sino Biological, HG15684) or C572A Atg7 using lipofectamine 3000.

Techniques: Knockdown, Immunoprecipitation, Copurification, Mutagenesis