Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The groups of the offspring generated and subsequently subjected to the administration of the antipsychotic drugs. The number of animals in each group is reported.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Generated, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of 14-day intraperitoneal administration of chlorpromazine, quetiapine or aripiprazole on the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response in the control and prenatally LPS-exposed offspring in adulthood. The numbers of animals in the cohorts were as follows: n = 4–13 (chlorpromazine), n = 9 (quetiapine) and n = 7 (aripiprazole) in each group. The results are presented as the means of the percentage of PPI (%PPI) calculated from the maximum startle response (V max ) ( A ) and average startle amplitude (AVG) ( B ) induced by each prepulse intensity ± SEM. # p < 0.05 vs. LPS + vehicle group.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Inhibition, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of prenatal exposure to LPS and subsequent chronic treatment with chlorpromazine ( A ), quetiapine ( B ) or aripiprazole ( C ) on Cx3cl1 , Cx3cr1 , Cd200 or Cd200r gene expression in the frontal cortices of the offspring. The mRNA levels were measured using qRT-PCR with n = 4–6 (chlorpromazine), n = 5–9 (quetiapine) and n = 5–6 (aripiprazole) in each group. The results are presented as the average fold change ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control + vehicle group.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Gene Expression, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of prenatal exposure to LPS and subsequent chronic treatment with chlorpromazine ( A ), quetiapine ( B ) or aripiprazole ( C ) on Cd40 , Cd68 , Arg1 and Igf-1 gene expression in the frontal cortices of the offspring. The mRNA levels were measured using qRT-PCR with n = 4–6 (chlorpromazine), n = 6–9 (quetiapine) and n = 5–6 (aripiprazole) in each group. The results are presented as the average fold change ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control + vehicle group, # p < 0.05 vs. LPS + vehicle group.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Gene Expression, Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of prenatal exposure to LPS and subsequent chronic treatment with chlorpromazine ( n = 4–6 in each group), quetiapine ( n = 6 in each group) or aripiprazole ( n = 6–7 in each group) on the levels of the proinflammatory proteins (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) in the frontal cortices of the offspring. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control + vehicle.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Control

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Quetiapine Ameliorates MIA-Induced Impairment of Sensorimotor Gating: Focus on Neuron-Microglia Communication and the Inflammatory Response in the Frontal Cortex of Adult Offspring of Wistar Rats

doi: 10.3390/cells11182788

Figure Lengend Snippet: The impact of prenatal exposure to LPS and subsequent chronic treatment with chlorpromazine ( n = 4–6 in each group), quetiapine ( n = 6 in each group) or aripiprazole ( n = 6–7 in each group) on the levels of the anti-inflammatory proteins (IL-4 and IL-10) in the frontal cortices of the offspring. The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 vs. control + vehicle.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole (Carbosynth, Berkshire, UK) was dissolved in 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (BioShop, Burlington, ON, Canada) in 1 mL of saline to a concentration of 1 mg/kg [ , ].

Techniques: Control

Journal: FEBS Open Bio

Article Title: Dopamine receptor D 2 activation suppresses the radiosensitizing effect of aripiprazole via activation of AMPK

doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12699

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with a D2R‐selective antagonist augments aripiprazole‐induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. (A) Cells were treated with indicated concentrations of aripiprazole for 48 h. Cell viability was then determined using an EZ‐Cytox Cell Viability Assay Kit. Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t ‐test; * P < 0.05). (B) Cleavage of PARP was examined by western blotting at the indicated time points after treatment with 20 µm aripiprazole. (C) Cells were treated with 20 µm aripiprazole for 40 h. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was then measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Roche). Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t ‐test; * P < 0.05). (D) MCF‐7 cells were treated with 20 µm aripiprazole or indicated concentrations of quinpirole for 24 h. Cleavage of PARP was then examined by western blotting. (E) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 2 µm thioridazine and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for 16 h. Cleavage of PARP was then determined by western blotting. (F) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated with or without 10 µm haloperidol for 1 h and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole. Cleavage of PARP was then determined by western blotting.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole, quinpirole, and haloperidol were purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO, USA).

Techniques: Viability Assay, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: FEBS Open Bio

Article Title: Dopamine receptor D 2 activation suppresses the radiosensitizing effect of aripiprazole via activation of AMPK

doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12699

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with A769662, a direct AMPK activator, blunts the enhancing effects of D2R‐selective antagonists on aripiprazole‐induced apoptosis. (A) Phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC was examined by western blotting at the indicated time points after treatment with 20 µm aripiprazole or 20 µm quinpirole in MCF‐7 cells. (B) Twenty‐four hours after transfection with luciferase siRNA (control) or AMPKα siRNA (siAMPK), MCF‐7 cells were treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for 16 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting. (C) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 100 µm A769662 and subsequently treated with 20 µm aripiprazole for 16 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting. (D) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 100 µm A769662 and subsequently treated with or without 2 µm thioridazine for another 1 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after 20 µm aripiprazole treatment in the MCF‐7 cells. (E) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 100 µm A769662 and subsequently treated with or without 10 µm haloperidol for another 1 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after 20 µm aripiprazole treatment in the MCF‐7 cells.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole, quinpirole, and haloperidol were purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO, USA).

Techniques: Phospho-proteomics, Western Blot, Transfection, Luciferase, Control

Journal: FEBS Open Bio

Article Title: Dopamine receptor D 2 activation suppresses the radiosensitizing effect of aripiprazole via activation of AMPK

doi: 10.1002/2211-5463.12699

Figure Lengend Snippet: D2R‐selective antagonists augment the radiosensitizing effects of aripiprazole in human breast cancer cells. (A) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without the indicated concentration of aripiprazole. Cleavage of PARP was then determined by western blotting at 24 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. (B) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 20 µm aripiprazole. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was then measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Roche) at 40 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t ‐test; * P < 0.05). (C) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 2 µm thioridazine and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for another 1 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. (D) Cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 2 µm thioridazine and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for another 1 h. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was then measured by using Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Roche) at 40 h after treatment of the cells with 5 Gy of IR. Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t ‐test; * P < 0.05). (E) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 10 µm haloperidol and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for another 1 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. (F) Cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 10 µm haloperidol and subsequently treated with or without 20 µm aripiprazole for another 1 h. Internucleosomal DNA fragmentation was then measured using Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS Kit (Roche) at 40 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. Data represent means ± SD of three independent experiments (Student’s t ‐test; * P < 0.05). (G) MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 100 µm A769662 and subsequently treated with 20 µm aripiprazole for another 1 h. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. (H) Twenty‐four hours after transfection with luciferase siRNA (control) or AMPKα siRNA (siAMPK), MCF‐7 cells were pretreated for 1 h with or without 20 µm aripiprazole. Cleavage of PARP and phosphorylation of AMPK were then determined by western blotting at 16 h after treatment of the MCF‐7 cells with 5 Gy of IR. (I) Schema showing the nullifying contribution of D2R/AMPK pathway to the radiosensitizing effects of aripiprazole in breast cancer cells.

Article Snippet: Aripiprazole, quinpirole, and haloperidol were purchased from Tocris (Ellisville, MO, USA).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Transfection, Luciferase, Control