Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: APX3330 reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment during colorectal carcinogenesis

doi: 10.1186/s12935-026-04176-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Expression of APE1/Ref-1 in Tumor Tissues of Patients with CRC ( A ) Flowchart illustrating the case screening process. ( B ) Representative images demonstrating APE1/Ref-1 expression assessed through IHC staining, with black horizontal lines indicating 200 μm. The red arrows denote specific locations that exemplify the range of APE1/Ref-1 expression. The accompanying histogram depicts the distribution of tumor stage and differentiation levels corresponding to each intensity of APE1/Ref-1 staining. ( C ) Visualization of patient baseline characteristics alongside APE1/Ref-1 IHC staining intensity, organized according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage. Abbreviations: AC: Ascending colon; TC: Transverse colon; DC: Descending colon; SC: Sigmoid colon. ( D ) A percentage stacked histogram illustrating the distribution of APE1/Ref-1 IHC staining intensity across various stages and degrees of differentiation. The category classified as “Poor” encompasses poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and signet-ring cell carcinoma. Abbreviations: MC: Medullary carcinoma; SC: Signet-ring cell carcinoma; MA: Mucinous adenocarcinoma. E - F . Violin plots depicting the expression levels of APE1/Ref-1 in both tumor and normal tissues in TCGA database. G - H . Differential expression of APE1/Ref-1 was verified by IHC staining, with black horizontal lines indicating 200 μm. Normol, n = 3. Tumor, n = 176

Article Snippet: The primary antibody utilized was APE1/Ref-1 (Proteintech, IL, USA, #10203-1-AP, dilution 1:200).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemistry, Staining, Quantitative Proteomics

Journal: Cancer Cell International

Article Title: APX3330 reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment during colorectal carcinogenesis

doi: 10.1186/s12935-026-04176-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: APE1/Ref-1 Redox Function Affects Immunosuppressive TME ( A ) Correlation between APE1/Ref-1 expression and the infiltration of MDSCs and CD8 + T cell analyzed within the TCGA database. ( B ) Representative IHC image of high (upper panel) or low (lower panel) APE1/Ref-1 expression. C - F . mIHC staining reveals the infiltration of immune cells in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from CRC patients, categorized by high APE1/Ref-1 expression (left panel) and low APE1/Ref-1 expression (right panel), along with corresponding statistical analyses ( D - F ). Human PMN-MDSC are defined as CD11B + CD14 − 29,30 . The white horizontal line in the images denotes 200 μm. G . Visualization of luminex liquid suspension chip detection, where the interior of the circle indicates the inhibitory effect of the drug on cytokine expression, while the exterior indicates a promoting effect. The length of the fan segments represents the magnitude of fold change (FC), quantified as log2(FC) following drug treatment; the color of the segments corresponds to the P value, with gray indicating a lack of statistical significance. H - I . Assessment of alterations in the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, H ) and CXCL1 ( I ) subsequent to APX3330 treatment in HT-29

Article Snippet: The primary antibody utilized was APE1/Ref-1 (Proteintech, IL, USA, #10203-1-AP, dilution 1:200).

Techniques: Expressing, Staining, Luminex, Suspension