Journal: Cells

Article Title: Immunomodulatory Properties of Polysaccharides from the Coral Pseudopterogorgia americana in Macrophages

doi: 10.3390/cells10123531

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of NF-κB on PPA-induced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion and COX-2 expression. ( A ) The phosphorylation levels of IκB-α in PPA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. ( B ) Effect of PDTC or sc-3060 on NF-κB activation in PPA-stimulated RAW-Blue cells. ( C – E ) Effect of PDTC or sc-3060 on ( C ) TNF-α, ( D ) IL-6 and ( E ) COX-2 in PPA-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared to control cells ( A ), PPA-treated cells ( B – E ), or as indicated (( B ), left panel).

Article Snippet: Antibodies against proIL-1β, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB SN50 cell permeable inhibitory peptide (sc-3060) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid ammonium salt (PDTC) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics, Activation Assay, Control

Journal:

Article Title: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Angiogenesis

doi: 10.1007/s10456-008-9113-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: To analyze the role of LPA receptors in LPA-induced angiogenesis we used the LPA1 and LPA3 receptor antagonist, VPC32183. Using the same approach aforementioned, we show in 3A and 3B that LPA-induced angiogenesis is blocked completely by this compound at 10µM. Importantly, VPC32183 alone (at 10µM) had no discernable effect in angiogenesis and does not block VEGF-induced angiogenesis (Figure 3C). One-Way ANOVA test was performed between groups. ** P< 0.001. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD). In figure 3B (scale bar: 0.125 cm), we present the image of a single membrane representative of each group.

Article Snippet: Disclosures : VPC32183 is sold by Avanti Polar Lipids under license from the University of Virginia.

Techniques: Blocking Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal:

Article Title: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Angiogenesis

doi: 10.1007/s10456-008-9113-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: S-1-oleoyl-2-O-methylglycerophosphothionate (S-OMPT), at 100nM, is able to induce a strong angiogenic response, similar to the LPA response at this concentration (4A–4C). CAMs treated with S-OMPT (100nM) together with VPC32183 (10µM) document that the response is completely blocked by inclusion of this antagonist (4C). For statistical analysis, Student t test was performed between groups. ** P< 0.001. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD). Figure 4B is the image of a single membrane that is representative of each group. Scale bar: 0.125 cm.

Article Snippet: Disclosures : VPC32183 is sold by Avanti Polar Lipids under license from the University of Virginia.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal:

Article Title: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and Angiogenesis

doi: 10.1007/s10456-008-9113-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: CAMs were treated with recombinant sphingomyelinase D (SMaseD) and the number of vessels that intersected the disc was counted. This enzyme is able to induce an angiogenic response (5A) similar to the LPA response. Two catalytically inactive forms of this enzyme (H37N and H73N) were unable to induce angiogenesis (5B), suggesting that the response obtained is dependent on the catalytic activity (lyso-PLD) of the arachnid enzyme. Moreover, SMaseD-induced angiogenesis is blocked by the LPA receptor antagonist VPC32183 at 10µM (5C), suggesting that the positive response obtained is dependent on the activation of LPA1,3 receptors. One-Way ANOVA test was performed between groups. ** P< 0.001. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD).

Article Snippet: Disclosures : VPC32183 is sold by Avanti Polar Lipids under license from the University of Virginia.

Techniques: Recombinant, Activity Assay, Activation Assay, Standard Deviation