Journal: Preventive Nutrition and Food Science

Article Title: Osteogenic Effects of Brown Algae Sargassum fulvellum -Derived Exosome-Like Nanovesicles via the BMP-2/4-MAPK-Smad1/5/8 Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3746/pnf.2025.30.6.557

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sargassum fulvellum -derived exosome-like nanovesicles (SfNVs) promote the expression of osteogenic markers at the mRNA and protein levels. (A) mRNA expression levels of osteogenic markers (Runx2, ALP, OPN, and ProCOL I) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) on day 3 after SfNV treatment. (B) qRT-PCR analysis was performed for the same markers on day 7. (C) Osteogenic marker protein expression of Runx2, ALP, OPN, and ProCOL I in MC3T3-E1 cells on day 3 was assessed via western blot analysis. (D) Western blot analysis of osteogenic marker protein expression on day 7. Experimental results are expressed as the mean±standard error, and significance was evaluated using Duncan’s multiple range test. Statistically significant differences between the SfNV-treated and control (CON) groups at P <0.05 are indicated by different letters (a-c).

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were against Runx2, ALP, OPN, ProCOL I, β-actin, BMP-2/4, phospho-p38, phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK, Smad1, p38, ERK, and JNK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc., diluted 1:1,000), and phospho-Smad1 (Cell Signaling Technology, Rabbit mAb, diluted 1:3,000).

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Expressing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Quantitative RT-PCR, Marker, Western Blot, Control

Journal: Nutrients

Article Title: Lactoferrin and SIgA Concentrations in Human Milk of SARS-CoV–Infected Mothers—Polish Cohort Study

doi: 10.3390/nu17111840

Figure Lengend Snippet: Comparison of lactoferrin (Lf) and secretory IgA (SIgA) ( A ), and C-reactive protein (CRP) ( B ) concentrations in milk samples collected from mothers with COVID-19 and uninfected mothers (Control group). Data are given as median and mean ± 95% Confidence Interval (CI). NS—not significant.

Article Snippet: For detection, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP)-labeled secondary antibodies were used, for SIgA goat anti-mouse IgG antibodies horseradish peroxidase-labeled (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and for Lf rabbit anti-human lactoferrin phosphatase-labeled antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Europe Ltd., Ely, UK).

Techniques: Comparison, Control